Syllabus concepts to know

• C.1 The characteristics of extreme environments
• C.2 Global-scale distribution of cold and high altitude environments (polar, glacial areas, periglacial areas, high mountains in non-polar places) and hot arid environments (hot deserts and semi-arid areas) environments
• C.3 Relief and climatic characteristics that make environments extreme, including unreliability and intensity of rainfall in arid environments and the risk of flash floods
• C.4 How relief, climate, human discomfort, inaccessibility, and remoteness present challenges for human habitation and resource development
• C.5 Detailed examples for illustrative purposes
• C.6 The changing distribution of extreme environments over time, including the advance and retreat of glaciers and natural desertification
• C.7 Physical processes and landscapes
• C.8 Glacial processes of erosion, transport and deposition, and landscape features in glaciated areas, including cirques/corries, lakes, pyramidal peaks/horns, arêtes, glacial troughs; lateral, medial and terminal moraine and erratics in extreme
• C.9 Periglacial processes of freeze-thaw, solifluction and frost heave, and periglacial environments landscape features, including permafrost, thermokarst, patterned ground and pingos
• C.10 Physical and chemical weathering in hot arid environments, and erosion, transportation and deposition by wind and water
• C.11 Hot, arid landscape features, including dunes, wadis, rock pedestals, mesas and buttes
• C.12 Managing extreme environments
• C.13 Case study of one cold environment to illustrate the issues man and physical opportunities and challenges for mineral extraction in arid vironments, including inaccessibility and climatic and political factors
• C.14 Case study of one arid environment to illustrate the issues portunities and challenges for tourism in extreme environments
• C.15 Detailed examples illustrating the involvement of local and global stakeholders
• C.16 Extreme environments futures
• C.17 One case study illustrating the human and physical dimensions of desertification creasing competition for access to resources in extreme environments, cluding the role of indigenous groups, civil society organizations, transnational rporations (TNCs) and militia groups
• C.18 One case study to highlight the issues w technology and sustainable development in extreme environments, cluding greater use of solar power and desalination e impacts and management of global climate change in extreme vironments, including adaptation by local populations
• C.19 (Ev) and Skills (Sk) opportunities w places and people in extreme environments are affected by spatial teractions with other places and people [Sy] into the study of the e varying spatial scale of the processes and challenges associated with above. No additional fferent kinds of extreme environment [Sy/Ev] teaching time is rying perspectives on how and why extreme environments are managed [Ev] w glacial systems and climatic data are best represented graphically [Sk]