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Whether you're a prospective IB student or have already started your studies, you've likely come across the Extended Essay, a key component of the IB Diploma Programme. Keep reading to learn everything that you need to know about the EE.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">IB Extended Essay Guide</h2><h3 style="text-align:justify;">&nbsp;</h3>&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">What is the Extended Essay?</h3>&nbsp;The Extended Essay is a 4000-word research paper in which students come up with a research question to investigate any topic of their choice that relates to one of the six IB subject groups (or a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.clastify.com/blog/what-is-the-extended-essay#:~:text=TOK%20Matrix%20Post.-,World%20Studies%20EE,-Candidates%20also%20have">combination of subjects</a>). It offers a valuable opportunity to explore a topic of personal interest and develop essential academic research and writing skills that can be highly beneficial for university life. The Extended Essay is assessed externally and is a mandatory component of the IB Core. Not only is it required to pass the IB DP, but it also contributes 3 additional points to the student's IB score along with TOK. To learn more about how exactly the EE and TOK impact your IB score, <a href="/blog/tok-ee-matrix" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">click here</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;While the Extended Essay (EE) is an individual project, students are assigned a personal supervisor due to its scope. The EE supervisor provides essential support and guidance throughout the entire EE journey. EE supervisors are subject teachers from your school who specialize in the field you’ve chosen for your essay. They offer detailed advice and suggestions for improvement to help ensure your essay meets high academic standards. To learn more about the EE Supervisor and in what ways they can help, <a href="/blog/ee-supervisor-explained" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">click here</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">&nbsp;</h3><h3 style="text-align:justify;">Extended Essay Timeline</h3>&nbsp;<ul><li>The EE writing process begins with the selection of the subject in which a student wishes to pursue their EE. Students are then assigned a supervisor who helps them come up with an appropriate research question. This is also when students have their first interview with their supervisor, based on which they write their <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.clastify.com/blog/extended-essay-reflections#:~:text=and%20creative%20approach.-,First%20reflection,-We%20suggest%20devoting">First Reflection</a>.&nbsp;</li><li>Students then begin researching their topic, reviewing sources, and creating outlines. It is at this stage that students often refine their research question to a more suitable one.&nbsp;</li><li>After gathering a sufficient amount of information, knowledge and source materials, students begin writing their first full EE draft. The second interview takes place after a significant amount of work has been completed but before the first full draft is finished. Based on this interview, students complete their <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.clastify.com/blog/extended-essay-reflections#:~:text=sources%20I%27ve%20gathered%3F-,Second%20reflection,-This%20part%2C%20completed">Second (Interim) Reflection</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>After submitting their first full EE draft, students receive feedback from their supervisor, based on which they complete their final EE version. For an added layer of support, you can also <a href="/review" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">upload your EE to Clastify's review service to receive personalised feedback and guidance</a> from our official IB examiners.&nbsp;</li><li>Once the final version is complete, students participate in the last interview, based on which they write their <a href="/blog/ee-viva-voce" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Final Reflection (Viva Voce)</a>.&nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">How to write your Extended Essay?</h3>&nbsp;<ul><li>Pick a topic you’re passionate about: Choose a subject you enjoy and a topic that genuinely interests you. You’ll be spending a lot of time researching and writing, so curiosity and motivation are key. Your topic should be narrow enough to allow deep exploration, but broad enough to find sources and develop an argument.&nbsp;</li><li>Formulate a focused research question: Your entire essay revolves around your research question, so take time to craft it carefully. It should be specific, clear, and allow for in-depth investigation and analysis. Avoid yes/no questions or overly descriptive ones. Instead, aim for questions that invite interpretation and evaluation. Click <a href="/blog/ee-research-questions-guide-examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a> and <a href="/blog/how-to-choose-an-extended-essay-topic" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a> to learn about how to craft a strong research question and explore research question examples.&nbsp;</li><li>Understand what’s expected: Before you begin writing, make sure you know what the EE requires. Click <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.clastify.com/blog/ee-criteria-and-checklist-1#:~:text=Below%20is%20a%20list%20of%20posts%20for%20specific%20subjects%2C%20outlining%20the%20criteria%20for%20the%20Extended%20Essay%20in%20that%20subject%3A">here</a> for the specific EE requirements for each subject.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Create a clear outline: An outline will help organise your thoughts, make the writing process smoother, and keep your essay focused.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Start writing early: Don’t wait until your research feels “complete” to start writing. Begin drafting sections early, even if they’re rough. Writing helps clarify your thinking and highlights areas where you need more research.&nbsp;</li><li>Look for inspiration: One of the best ways to write a strong EE is to take inspiration from high-scoring essays. So make sure to visit Clastify's extensive collection of <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Extended Essay exemplars</a>.&nbsp;</li><li>Edit, revise, and refine: Your first draft is not your final draft. Give yourself time to revise for clarity, coherence, and flow. Make sure each paragraph supports your research question and contributes to your overall argument. Also, check for grammar, spelling, formatting, and proper citations. You can also use our <a href="/ai-review" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">AI Review tool </a>for minor corrections while you write your EE. Once your draft is complete, you can also submit it for <a href="/review" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">review by an official IB examiner</a> through Clastify.&nbsp;</li><li>Make the most of your supervisor: Your EE supervisor is there to guide and support you. Meet regularly, come prepared with questions, and be open to feedback. They won’t write the essay for you, but they can help you stay on track, refine your focus, and think critically about your work.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Extended Essay Structure</h3>&nbsp;The content and requirements of Extended Essays vary largely across subjects and hence we recommend that you check out our wide array of <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE exemplars </a>for subject-specific examples. Nevertheless, all EEs share the same overall structure:&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li>A cover page with the essay's topic and research question included&nbsp;</li><li>A contents page&nbsp;</li><li>An introduction where the student introduces the research question, outlines the thesis, provides necessary explanations, background information and a justification of pursuing the topic&nbsp;</li><li>The essay's body is where the main analysis and exploration of the research question takes place&nbsp;</li><li>A conclusion where the student summarises the main findings of the essay and formulates an answer to the research question&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>A bibliography listing all sources used in the essay</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;Apart from the Extended Essay itself, students are also required to participate in 3 mandatory interviews with their supervisor, based on which they produce 3 reflections in which they reflect on the EE-writing process. The reflections will be reviewed by IB examiners along with the EE itself.&nbsp;<pre><code class="language-plaintext">CAROUSEL</code></pre>&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">How to come up with a strong research question</h3>&nbsp;<ul><li>Identify your interests: Start by selecting a subject you enjoy and are familiar with. The Extended Essay requires significant time and effort, so choosing a topic you're genuinely interested in will make the process more engaging and manageable. Avoid selecting a subject you haven’t studied, as this adds unnecessary difficulty. &nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Conduct preliminary research: Explore credible sources like academic journals and books, and databases to understand the existing research in your chosen area. If your EE revolves around primary data then consider the feasibility of accurate data collection. This will help you identify gaps, refine your focus, and assess the viability of your topic. &nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Formulate a research question: Craft a clear, focused, and analytical research question. It should be specific enough to allow in-depth investigation but broad enough to sustain a 4,000-word essay. Ensure there are sufficient sources available to support your analysis.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Review available sources: Verify that you can access a diverse range of credible sources. Strong research depends on incorporating multiple perspectives and evidence to build a balanced argument.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Meet with your supervisor: Discuss your draft question with your supervisor early. They can help refine your question and ensure it meets IB requirements. Don’t worry if your topic evolves. Refining your question is a natural part of the process.&nbsp;</li></ul>For more specific information and examples of strong research questions, <a href="/blog/ee-research-questions-guide-examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">click here.</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">How is the Extended Essay assessed?</h3>&nbsp;As mentioned, the EE is marked externally by IB examiners selected by the IBO. Starting from 2027, the new EE guide outlines that students may score up to 30 points across <a href="/blog/ee-criteria-and-checklist-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">five EE criteria</a>. While grade boundaries may vary between exam sessions, they generally average as follows:&nbsp;<figure class="table" style="width:100%;"><table><thead><tr><th>Grade</th><th>Points</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>A</td><td>25-30</td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>19-24</td></tr><tr><td>C</td><td>12-18</td></tr><tr><td>D</td><td>5-11</td></tr><tr><td>E</td><td>0-4</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>&nbsp;The grade obtained from the Extended Essay contributes to the number of IB core points that a student may receive. For detailed information on how the EE impacts your IB score, check out our <a href="/blog/tok-ee-matrix" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE/TOK Matrix Post</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Extended Essay deadline</h3>&nbsp;While the IB does not specify an official deadline, the final EE version must typically be submitted no later than around 2 months before the exam session, with specific dates varying between schools, each setting its own internal deadlines. To learn more, <a href="/blog/ib-extended-essay-deadline" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">click here.</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope that you now have a thorough understanding of the IB Extended Essay. Be sure to check out our <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IB EE exemplars</a> for valuable EE resources. Good luck!

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A comprehensive guide to the IB Extended Essay. Learn about what the EE is, its writing procedure, timeline, what the EE Supervisor is, how to write and structure your EE, how to come up with a research question, how is the EE assessed, and the EE deadline.

IB Extended Essay Guide

Feeling uncertain about how to approach your Extended Essay reflections? Worry no more – Clastify is here to help! In this post we will provide you with some example of strong EE reflective statements, complete with insights that highlight what makes them effective.&nbsp;&nbsp;Although the reflective statement is a 500-word continuous text, we have broken our analysis into specific portions highlighting the reflections you must write after each of the three reflection sessions with your supervisor. Keep in mind that the final reflective statement is not 3 separate reflections, but rather 1 complete text.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">EE Reflection Examples</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Example 1</h3>&nbsp;<h4>After the first reflection session</h4>&nbsp;Due to my passion for history and my intention to study law at university, I decided to focus my EE on the Nuremberg Trials, which marked the beginning of international criminal law. Since there is plenty of research on their historical context, I wanted to approach the topic from a different angle. Thus, I chose to explore the extent to which the Nuremberg Trials could be considered "victor's justice," as argued by some historians and lawyers. I began my writing process by gathering sources and creating a rough plan to organize my arguments.&nbsp;Strengths:&nbsp;<ul><li data-list-item-id="e98deb2e7017c4fc740c7cbb32638ae46">The student explains how they arrived at their topic.&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="e9d83ef59f1ae1e97576c1ed5a7a12a01">The student highlights their personal interest in law as motivation for pursuing this particular subject.&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="e0ff5ae6db939ace3c85bdbb0d3d8680b">The student discusses their decision to explore a less – examined aspect of the topic.</li><li data-list-item-id="efd6a90b3d970e297855906b7a19a50e3">The student describes beginning the writing process by gathering sources and creating a plan.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h4>After the second reflection session</h4>&nbsp;After conducting thorough research, it occurred to me that assessing whether the trials can be considered victor’s justice is a very broad topic which consists of a huge amount of factors that would have to be taken into consideration and therefore it would not be possible to examine this topic exhaustively within the word limit. Therefore, I have decided to narrow down and alter my topic to only one of the factors that I would have looked into. Hence, I have decided to explore the following RQ: ‘’To what extent were the Nuremberg Trials defendants afforded a fair due process’’. During the second meeting, my supervisor pointed out that my essay tends to be descriptive, lacks consideration of different perspectives and does not assess the reliability of sources. This meant that a large portion of my EE had to be rewritten. Fortunately, I was able to find a plethora of sources that offer conflicting viewpoints. I also used the OPCVL skills gained in history class to assess the credibility of these sources, adding a more analytical dimension to my essay. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Strengths:&nbsp;<ul><li data-list-item-id="e78d67fe6e68a4721016af3b529ec7df9">The student describes the process of refining their research question to arrive at a well-focused one.</li><li data-list-item-id="e29c243181a3898e489754a71c9abf081">The student mentions two challenges they have encountered during the writing process.</li><li data-list-item-id="eef87890da67ee4b3459f159d81ced213">The student explains how they were able to overcome these challenges.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h4>After the Viva Voce interview</h4>&nbsp;Overall, my EE journey was an exciting experience that allowed me to deepen my knowledge on a topic of personal relevance. I am pleased with the outcome of my essay. Initially, I struggled to incorporate differing viewpoints, which made my argument one-sided and narrative. However, with my supervisor’s guidance, I was able to include multiple perspectives. This taught me the importance of considering various sources to create a well-rounded, balanced argument. Additionally, being raised in Poland, a country deeply affected by WW2 German atrocities, I found it challenging to set aside personal bias and emotions while writing. Nonetheless, I believe I managed to approach the topic academically. This experience has made me aware of the importance of conducting historical research without preconceived notions. Both lessons – acknowledging multiple perspectives and remaining objective – will be valuable in my future career, as lawyers must consider all angles and not let personal emotions cloud their judgment. Furthermore, this essay has been my first major piece of academic work, and it has equipped me with skills in referencing, quoting, and structuring arguments, which will undoubtedly help me during university. If I were to undertake this task again, I would create a more structured schedule to manage my time better. At times, I found myself stressed by deadlines and had to cram my work, so better planning would have made the process smoother.&nbsp;&nbsp;Strengths:&nbsp;<ul><li data-list-item-id="ebc73a25b9214de4fca20de4abdd6510f">The student reflects on their entire writing journey.</li><li data-list-item-id="e06ea39204bf010b206524a7a1c2a076f">The student explains how writing the Extended Essay has impacted them personally.</li><li data-list-item-id="e20d5dd9c6d2b0738785ef826a89b139a">The student discusses self-growth, highlighting the skills they have acquired and how these may prove useful in the future.</li><li data-list-item-id="e007911c17f13bf47cf65e4b5913e769d">The student mentions an improvement they would make if given the chance to undertake this task again.&nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;<pre><code class="language-plaintext">CAROUSEL</code></pre>&nbsp;<h3>Example 2</h3>&nbsp;<h4>After the first reflection</h4>&nbsp;I always wanted my Extended Essay to address an issue with real-world implications. After reading a BBC article about the growing problem of antibiotic pollution in rivers, I became particularly concerned about the environmental impact of this contamination. Hence, I decided to investigate how antibiotics affect the germination rate of plants. I believe this topic is especially significant because understanding how antibiotic residues influence vegetation could shed light on potential risks to plant life, which is already increasingly vulnerable due to human activities. I will begin the writing process by conducting further research to determine which antibiotics to focus on for my investigation.&nbsp;&nbsp;Strengths:&nbsp;<ul><li data-list-item-id="e87854e24054f45a082efe599270cc6f7">The student explains how an article they have read sparked their interest in this topic.&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="efbdfe509b316be76114045721dc4aaa4">The student mentions why this topic is worth investigating.&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="ef90174b3b23e18dc46b78fe5cea39590">The student outlines the next steps they plan to take in their EE writing process.&nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h4>After the second reflection</h4>&nbsp;After conducting research, I decided to focus on sulfadiazine, ofloxacin, and erythromycin, as they are some of the most commonly found antibiotics in rivers. I chose to investigate their effects on wheat (Triticum aestivum), since it’s a major food source worldwide, and this research could provide insights into food security. Initially, I planned to focus only on germination rates, but my supervisor pointed out that this might not fully capture the overall impact on plant growth, making the investigation limited. So, I decided to include post–germination growth as well. Although this meant redoing my experimental work and left me with less time, it was worth it, as it allowed for a much more in–depth analysis of the potential impact on food security.&nbsp;&nbsp;Strengths:&nbsp;<ul><li data-list-item-id="e7e9a1975cd548043aa9a53087f234a7c">The student mentions how they narrowed down and refined their RQ.</li><li data-list-item-id="e889179437f1824cf8598da1ccfafd7d2">The student mentions how they applied the advice of their supervisor.&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="eb4d86af0f0c4e927b5873e025557a78d">The student describes the challenge this presented and explains how they were able to overcome it, ultimately turning it to their advantage.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h4>After the Viva Voce interview</h4>&nbsp;Looking back, my Extended Essay journey has been both challenging and rewarding. I am satisfied with how my essay turned out, particularly with how I was able to balance a rigorous scientific approach while exploring an issue that has both environmental and agricultural significance. Although the fact that I had to redo my experiment initially caused me a great deal of stress and anxiety as I wasn't sure I will be able to complete the Extended Essay on time, looking back at it now, I believe this issue has taught me a lot, especially when it comes to working under pressure, which is a key quality that will greatly benefit me in life. Additionally, this project gave me valuable hands-on experience in designing and conducting experiments. I had to troubleshoot many unforeseen issues, such as maintaining the controlled variables. This process helped me develop problem-solving skills and patience, both of which will be crucial in my future studies and scientific research. One of the most significant challenges was remaining objective when interpreting my data. At times, I found myself leaning toward the results I expected, especially when my actual findings didn’t match my predictions, but I reminded myself that reliable data was the ultimate goal. In the end, I believe I succeeded in maintaining a critical, evidence-based approach. If I were to undertake this task again, I would implement some changes into my methodology to allow for more reliable results. I wouldn't use distilled water but instead use water that in its content reflects water that is found in rivers. Furthermore, I would also account for seed viability using a more reliable method such as tetrazolium test.&nbsp;&nbsp;Strengths:&nbsp;<ul><li data-list-item-id="e2eb1d3b94be70a7cd9a990215f720841">The student adopts a reflective tone throughout their writing&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="e9a312363c3ca901541bdfebad807a92e">The student mentions the implications of their work&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="e7b9152bf8514b83f45e083c93d012f5d">The student reflects on the challenges they faced and how these became valuable learning opportunities that helped them grow</li><li data-list-item-id="e572705cf900b2714a7ac3d4ba341044c">The student mentions specific changes they would implement if provided with the chance to undertake the task again</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful! For more useful materials associated with the IB check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.&nbsp;

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Explore Extended Essay (EE) Reflections examples and learn about what makes them successful. 

EE Reflective Statement Examples

Are you working on your Extended Essay reflections and you're unsure how to meet the assessment criteria? Clastify comes to the rescue! Below you will find a detailed guide that will help you understand what EE reflections are, how they are graded, and how to write them to receive the maximum points.&nbsp; &nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">Extended Essay Reflections&nbsp;</h2>&nbsp; The final criterion in the EE assessment is Criterion E: Reflection, worth 4 points. It is evaluated based on the Reflections and Progress Form (RPF) that you are required to submit along with your extended essay.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Reflections and Progress Form (RPF)</h3>&nbsp;This document serves as a record of your thoughts on your planning and progress, as well as the content of your discussions with your supervisor. You are required to participate in three formal reflection sessions with your supervisor. The first session should center around your initial ideas and your research plans. The interim session occurs after a substantial portion of your research has been conducted. The final session will take the form of a viva voce interview after you have finished and submitted your Extended Essay (EE). After yo have completed all three reflection sessions, you will be required to submit a reflective statement outlining your EE-writing journey, right from brainstorming ideas to overcoming challenges. The total word count for the reflective statement on the RPF should not exceed 500 words. &nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Criterion E: Reflection</h3>&nbsp;For a maximum of 4 points:&nbsp;<ul><li data-list-item-id="e058b6853458d804355aed3eba847beab">The RPF form showcases the student's progress and active involvement in the writing process.</li><li data-list-item-id="ed2b2162af522f02844c908dd6f301d91">The student outlines the skills acquired during the extended essay writing journey and critically assesses their approach to completing the EE.&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="e2ea3e86c47e5a4cc5dc97727ad1bbe9a">Challenges faced during the process are described in detail, along with the strategies employed to address them.</li><li data-list-item-id="e48933c4afc2fa29f45041768be7cd5b6">The document reflects the personal significance and relevance of the work undertaken.</li><li data-list-item-id="e53037c43d0510b88376e0f47a3a28b9f">The reflections demonstrate clear evidence of intellectual and personal growth throughout the EE journey.</li><li data-list-item-id="e00f459298e17e71c257d170f5decf936">The student shows "transfer of learning" by explaining how the skills they gained can be used in other contexts, like future studies or careers.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Suggested Breakdown of the Reflective Statement</h3>&nbsp;The reflective statement needs to be 500 words in total, and needs to outline insights you gained from each of your three reflection sessions with your EE supervisor. In this section, we'll outline our suggested breakdown of how many words to spend on each part of the reflective statement, but feel free to change this as you see fit!&nbsp;&nbsp;<h4 style="text-align:justify;">After the first reflection session</h4>&nbsp;We suggest devoting around 100 words to the first part of the reflective statement. In this early stage of your investigation right after beginning the reflection sessions with your supervisor, you are expected to describe your idea of the topic and research question for the extended essay. Discuss the possible approaches to answering the question as well as the reason for choosing this specific topic. Summarize the steps that you have undertaken so far.&nbsp;&nbsp;Guiding questions:&nbsp;<ul><li data-list-item-id="e62407079031ecadf0c1325a749d1372a">What interests me about this research topic and what drives my exploration in this area?</li><li data-list-item-id="e8400da9204d56442476aac5ad249dbe4">What approaches could I take to conduct this research?</li><li data-list-item-id="eca29c40125f8dea1155fbb88333b5586">Are the research methods I've chosen appropriate for the subject area?</li><li data-list-item-id="e8203e71cfb6d547048234e95b07db1e4">Is my research area sufficiently focused?</li><li data-list-item-id="e5bfa7815b18a8c21c0984c4bcdca0211">What potential challenges do I foresee encountering during my research?</li><li data-list-item-id="e71fec8daf895590c7799e5d5da10163f">How do I plan to employ the sources I've gathered?</li></ul>&nbsp;<h4 style="text-align:justify;"> After the second reflection session</h4>&nbsp;The second reflection session is usually held around the middle of your writing process, approximately at the end of DP1 or early in DP2, depending on your school's EE deadline. You should dedicate around 200 words towards the reflective statement after this second reflection session. Discuss the progress that occurred in your investigation so far, as well as what challenges you faced and what your solutions were to address the encountered problems. Comment on the resulting changes that you adopted (perhaps you decided on a different research question or changed the methodology).&nbsp;&nbsp;Guiding questions:&nbsp;<ul><li data-list-item-id="e9a931f3bce001576019072d96b0137b0">How has my topic evolved from the starting point?</li><li data-list-item-id="eef754c7a326d2f0d0d16f4701b25c479">Where do I currently stand? What do I do next?</li><li data-list-item-id="e43e188e8daffc1de9f54b0d98d3be66b">How do I assess the reliability and relevance of my sources?</li><li data-list-item-id="eec44245e3430e0180cad4bdc3441d771">What problems did I encounter and how did I decide to solve them?</li><li data-list-item-id="ed5389d1bfff1ce468c2c5209784bf093">What are the biggest challenges to completing my extended essay at the moment?</li><li data-list-item-id="e3d8d6fd14328975b9cc6474da45cef20">Is there anywhere that I need to ask for extra help from my supervisor?</li></ul><p style="--tw-backdrop-blur:;--tw-backdrop-brightness:;--tw-backdrop-contrast:;--tw-backdrop-grayscale:;--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate:;--tw-backdrop-invert:;--tw-backdrop-opacity:;--tw-backdrop-saturate:;--tw-backdrop-sepia:;--tw-blur:;--tw-border-spacing-x:0;--tw-border-spacing-y:0;--tw-brightness:;--tw-contain-layout:;--tw-contain-paint:;--tw-contain-size:;--tw-contain-style:;--tw-contrast:;--tw-drop-shadow:;--tw-gradient-from-position:;--tw-gradient-to-position:;--tw-gradient-via-position:;--tw-grayscale:;--tw-hue-rotate:;--tw-invert:;--tw-numeric-figure:;--tw-numeric-fraction:;--tw-numeric-spacing:;--tw-ordinal:;--tw-pan-x:;--tw-pan-y:;--tw-pinch-zoom:;--tw-ring-color:rgba(69,89,164,.5);--tw-ring-inset:;--tw-ring-offset-color:#fff;--tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 transparent;--tw-ring-offset-width:0px;--tw-ring-shadow:0 0 transparent;--tw-rotate:0;--tw-saturate:;--tw-scale-x:1;--tw-scale-y:1;--tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity;--tw-sepia:;--tw-shadow-colored:0 0 transparent;--tw-shadow:0 0 transparent;--tw-skew-x:0;--tw-skew-y:0;--tw-slashed-zero:;--tw-translate-x:0;--tw-translate-y:0;-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);border:0px solid rgb(227, 227, 227);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(13, 13, 13);font-family:Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &quot;Noto Sans&quot;, sans-serif, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;margin-bottom:1.25em;margin-right:0px;margin-top:1.25em;orphans:2;text-align:start;text-decoration-color:initial;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-thickness:initial;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:pre-wrap;widows:2;word-spacing:0px;">&nbsp;<h4 style="text-align:justify;">After the third reflection session</h4>&nbsp;Use the remaining 200 words for the final part of the reflective statement. Comment on your entire EE writing journey. &nbsp;Discuss what it has taught you and what skills have you acquired. Discuss how the skills you gained through writing the EE can help you in your future studies at university. You should make sure to explain your thoughts in a reflective way instead of only describing what you did without any critical evaluation of the learning process.&nbsp;Guiding questions:&nbsp;<ul><li data-list-item-id="e018ec2919f853e9e351f42ee71a92050">What is the most significant lesson I've learned from this experience?</li><li data-list-item-id="ead8224fa0a5dab3fa9275b22663c324c">Which obstacle presented the greatest difficulty, and how did I manage to overcome it?</li><li data-list-item-id="efde61f9ab404b0686e75da0baebde52e">What further questions have come up as a result of my investigation?</li><li data-list-item-id="ef80327cd8e36f95937d8555194828224">What conclusions have I reached regarding the topic?&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="eba353438ab6cf3060fd0ac261ecf7cc3">What I would have done differently if I were to repeat the experiment?</li></ul>&nbsp;For a good example of an EE reflective statement, check out <a href="/blog/ee-reflections-examples">this post</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful. For more useful materials associated with the IB, check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.&nbsp;

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hq_76488_A_minimalist_hand-drawn_doodle_sketch_illustration_c_afbdb552-8c64-44b7-bda4-21e39939b4c5_0.png

A comprehensive guide to extended essay Reflections. Check it out for tips on completing the Reflection on Planning and Progress Form (RPPF) and scoring high for the engagement criterion!

Extended Essay Reflections (RPPF)

Essay

A strong introduction sets the foundation for your Extended Essay (EE). It should clearly outline the research topic, establish its significance, and provide the reader with a preview of what the EE is about. This post will outline some key points to keep in mind when writing the introduction of your EE, no matter the subject.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">Extended Essay Introduction Guide</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Clearly Define Your Research Question</h3>&nbsp;<ul><li>The research question (RQ) is the core of your essay, and the introduction should explicitly state it.&nbsp;</li><li>Ensure that your RQ is specific, focused, and researchable within the scope of a 4,000-word essay.&nbsp;</li><li>Avoid overly broad or vague questions. Make sure your research question is detailed and includes all aspects that are relevant to the investigation. For example, for science EEs, the research question should contain the independent variable, dependent variable, and the technique of analysis.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>A good example of a research question in the introduction can be seen <a href="/ee/chemistry/66a257f73a505e140ef7efce" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a>.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Provide Background Context</h3>&nbsp;<ul><li>Give a brief overview of your topic, explaining why it is significant within its subject area.&nbsp;</li><li>Ensure that this description gives an overview rather than an in-depth explanation. Extensive details must be presented in the main body of the work rather than in the introduction.&nbsp;</li><li>Avoid including too much detail –&nbsp;provide just enough context for the reader to understand the research question.&nbsp;</li><li>A good example of this can be seen in <a href="/ee/history/668bfba7ddce28a198c682c6" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">this EE</a>.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Explain the Rationale</h3>&nbsp;<ul><li>Justify why your research question is important and worth investigating.&nbsp;</li><li>Show how your essay contributes to the discussion and why the reader should care about your topic. For example, is this topic globally or personally significant? For example, if you are writing a Psychology EE on memory retention, explain why understanding memory processes is crucial for educational strategies and cognitive research.&nbsp;</li><li>A good example of a rationale showing the global importance of the topic can be seen <a href="/ee/psychology/66a28e9c3a505e140e0888a3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a>.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Briefly Introduce Your Methodology</h3>&nbsp;<ul><li>Briefly explain how you will approach your research and analysis.&nbsp;</li><li>Mention whether your essay is theoretical, analytical, or experimental, depending on the subject.&nbsp;</li><li>If you are using primary research, describe data collection methods. If you are using secondary sources, clarify how you will analyze them.&nbsp;</li><li>A good example is seen <a href="/ee/biology/66b830e04899d63c951c9ce8" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a> as the student discusses why they used hydrogen peroxide for their experiment.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Stay Concise and Formal&nbsp;</h3>&nbsp;<ul><li>The introduction should be around 300-400 words, roughly 10% of your total word count.&nbsp;</li><li>Avoid unnecessary background details or in-depth analysis. Talk about these details in the background information section rather than in the introduction.&nbsp;</li><li>Ensure every sentence is clear and to the point. Do not use sentence fragments or run-on sentences that distract from the main point you are trying to make.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Maintain academic formality, avoiding personal opinions or casual language such as the first-person voice.&nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope this post helped you learn more about how to write an effective EE introduction. For more useful materials associated with the IB, check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.&nbsp;

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hq_76488_A_minimalist_hand-drawn_doodle_sketch_illustration_c_228e60e9-3c33-46ae-8ff2-ea823ce215e5_1.png

A comprehensive guide outlining key points to include when writing the introduction for an Extended Essay (EE). Use this when planning your essay.

Extended Essay Introduction Guide

Understanding how IB core points are allocated is essential for any student aiming to excel in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme. Keep reading to learn what these points are and how are they awarded, so that you can confidently plan your studies and maximise your academic performance.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">TOK/EE Matrix&nbsp;</h2><h3>&nbsp;</h3>&nbsp;IB core points are additional points awarded by the IB DP, which along with the grades received in other subjects, contribute to the student's overall IB score. Students may receive up to 3 core points. The allocation of IB core points is based on the student's combined performance in the Theory of Knowledge (TOK) and Extended Essay (EE). The number of points is determined using the table below:&nbsp;&nbsp;<figure class="table"><table><thead><tr><th>EE/TOK Grade</th><th>A</th><th>B</th><th>C</th><th>D</th><th>E</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>A</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>Fail</td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>Fail</td></tr><tr><td>C</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>Fail</td></tr><tr><td>D</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Fail</td></tr><tr><td>E</td><td>Fail</td><td>Fail</td><td>Fail</td><td>Fail</td><td>Fail</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful. Be sure to check out our <a href="/blog/what-is-tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK</a> and Extended Essay posts to gain valuable insight regarding these two IB core components. Also, do not forget to visit our <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify</a> website for a ton of <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA </a>exemplars.&nbsp;

The TOK/EE Matrix guide. Learn about the grades you need to obtain in your EE/TOK to guarantee top marks!

TOK/EE Matrix

If you're already done with your EE, it’s time to set up that last meeting with your supervisor to wrap everything up. This post will break down the Extended Essay Viva Voce – your final interview with your supervisor that ends with writing your last reflection.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">EE Viva Voce&nbsp;</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>What is the Viva Voce?</h3>&nbsp;The viva voce is a short, final interview between you and your Extended Essay supervisor. It’s typically 10 to 15 minutes long and takes place after you’ve submitted your final EE. Your supervisor will ask you a series of questions and discuss the entire process, based on which you complete your final reflection for the<a href="/blog/extended-essay-reflections" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> RPPF Form</a>. is a reflective conversation, rather than an exam or a test. The purpose of the Viva Voce is to assess your personal engagement with the topic, to help the supervisor confirm the authenticity of your work, and to reflect on your research journey, challenges faced, and what you learned. It is essentially supposed to provide closure to the whole EE process.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>What type of questions will my supervisor ask?</h3>&nbsp;Below you'll find the questions that your EE supervisor may ask you during the final interview:&nbsp;<ul><li>What is the most significant lesson you have learned from this experience?</li></ul>&nbsp;<ul><li>Which obstacle presented the greatest difficulty, and how did you manage to overcome it?&nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;<ul><li>What questions have arisen as a result of your investigation?&nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;<ul><li>What conclusions have you reached regarding the topic?&nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;<ul><li>What would you have done differently if you had the chance to do your Extended Essay again?</li></ul>&nbsp;<h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>The Viva Voce Reflection</h3>&nbsp;Following the final interview, students are required to complete a final reflection, which will be assessed as part of the <a href="/blog/extended-essay-reflections" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RPPF (Reflections on Planning and Progress Form)</a>. This reflection should be honest and thoughtful, offering a clear and accurate account of the student’s journey throughout the Extended Essay process. It should highlight both the personal growth experienced and the challenges encountered along the way. For a comprehensive breakdown of the RPPF criteria and requirements <a href="/blog/extended-essay-reflections" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">click here</a>. Below is a strong example of the Viva Voce Reflection that fulfills all the Criteria.&nbsp;&nbsp;Overall, my EE journey was an exciting experience that allowed me to deepen my knowledge on a topic of personal relevance. I am pleased with the outcome of my essay. Initially, I struggled to incorporate differing viewpoints, which made my argument one-sided and narrative. However, with my supervisor’s guidance, I was able to include multiple perspectives. This taught me the importance of considering various sources to create a well-rounded, balanced argument. Additionally, being raised in Poland, a country deeply affected by WW2 German atrocities, I found it challenging to set aside personal bias and emotions while writing. Nonetheless, I believe I managed to approach the topic academically. This experience has made me aware of the importance of conducting historical research without preconceived notions. Both lessons – acknowledging multiple perspectives and remaining objective – will be valuable in my future career, as lawyers must consider all angles and not let personal emotions cloud their judgment. Furthermore, this essay has been my first major piece of academic work, and it has equipped me with skills in referencing, quoting, and structuring arguments, which will undoubtedly help me during university. If I were to undertake this task again, I would create a more structured schedule to manage my time better. At times, I found myself stressed by deadlines and had to cram my work, so better planning would have made the process smoother. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Why is this a good Viva Voce Reflection? &nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li>The student reflects on their entire writing journey.&nbsp;</li><li>The student explains how writing the Extended Essay has impacted them personally.&nbsp;</li><li>The student discusses self-growth, highlighting the skills they have acquired and how these may prove useful in the future.&nbsp;</li><li>The student mentions an improvement they would make if given the chance to undertake this task again.&nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful. For more useful materials associated with the IB check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.

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A comprehensive guide to the Extended Essay (EE) Viva Voce Reflection. Learn about the final reflection of the RPPF, what questions may be asked during the interview, and how to craft a strong Final Reflection. 

EE Viva Voce

The first reflection of the Extended Essay (EE) shows how you are thinking about your topic, how your research question is developing, and how you are responding to early challenges. This reflection is completed after your initial research and focuses on how your ideas are developing. This guide will outline what makes a good first EE reflection and will also provide an example, so that you can see what a good first reflection looks like.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">EE First Reflection</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>What is the EE first reflection?</h3>&nbsp;The IB EE first reflection is a short written response completed as part of the<a href="/blog/extended-essay-reflections" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> RPPF Form</a>. It is typically done after your initial research and first meeting with your supervisor. Its purpose is to show how you chose your topic, how your research question has begun to develop, and what challenges you have already faced. Rather than summarizing information, it focuses on your thinking, decisions, and planning surrounding the initial stages of your EE research and writing. You should explain why your chosen topic interests you, how feedback or research helped you refine your focus, and what your next steps will be. The first reflection demonstrates personal engagement and awareness of the research process, which are key parts of the assessment criteria.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>What type of questions will my supervisor ask?</h3>&nbsp;Below you'll find the questions that your EE supervisor may ask you during the first interview:&nbsp;<ul><li>Why did you choose this topic? What interests you most about it?&nbsp;</li><li>What is your current research question? What exactly are you trying to find out or analyze?&nbsp;</li><li>What kinds of sources have you found so far?&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Have you noticed different viewpoints in your sources?&nbsp;</li><li>Do you think your topic might need to change or be refined?&nbsp;</li><li>What difficulties have you faced so far?&nbsp;</li><li>How will you start organizing your argument or structure?&nbsp;</li><li>What are the next steps you plan on taking after this meeting?</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Example of a good first EE reflection</h3>&nbsp;At the start of my research, I was interested in how social media affects teenagers’ mental health because I saw its impact on my peers and in my own life. I soon realized that this topic was too broad to analyze specific psychological effects in depth. After reviewing initial sources and discussing my ideas with my supervisor, I refined my focus to anxiety related to Instagram use among adolescents, which allowed me to develop a clearer and more researchable question.&nbsp;One challenge I faced was finding studies that focused specifically on Instagram rather than social media in general, since many sources grouped multiple platforms together. To address this, I plan to use psychological journals and databases that include platform-specific research. I also recognized the need to clearly define “anxiety,” so I will rely on clinical definitions and measurable indicators such as stress levels and sleep disruption. This process has shown me the importance of refining my question, and my next step is to gather more peer-reviewed studies and compare different explanations for anxiety among Instagram users.&nbsp;This is a good first reflection for the following reasons:&nbsp;<ul><li data-start="3306" data-end="3486">Shows personal engagement – The student explains why the topic matters to them, which shows genuine interest in the psychology behind social media and mental health.&nbsp;</li><li data-start="3488" data-end="3636">Demonstrates development of the research question – The student clearly explains how the topic became more focused on Instagram use among adolescents and why that change was necessary.&nbsp;</li><li data-start="3638" data-end="3816">Acknowledges challenges honestly – The student discusses problems with finding sources and defining key terms, which shows realistic engagement with the research process.&nbsp;</li><li data-start="3818" data-end="3978">Explains future plans clearly – The student explains what they will do next to gather more peer-reviewed studies and compare different explanations for anxiety among Instagram users, thus showing their initiative and problem-solving skills.&nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful in learning more about the EE first reflection. For more useful materials associated with the IB, check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.

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hq_76488_A_minimalist_hand-drawn_doodle_sketch_illustration_c_20c00014-54aa-4315-9922-1d6b94611b7b_0.png

A comprehensive guide to the Extended Essay (EE) first reflection. Learn about the first reflection of the RPPF and how to craft a strong reflection. 

EE First Reflection

A strong conclusion to an Extended Essay leaves a lasting impression, bringing your ideas together and clearly communicating what your research has achieved. In this post, we’ll outline key points to remember when crafting your EE conclusion, helping you ensure that your essay ends with clarity and depth.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">Extended Essay Conclusion Guide</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Restate Your Research Question Clearly</h3>&nbsp;<ul data-start="303" data-end="718"><li class="" data-start="303" data-end="389">Explicitly re-state the research question or hypothesis you made at the beginning of your EE.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="392" data-end="483">This reminds the reader of the main focus of your essay.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="632" data-end="718">Keep the phrasing similar to how you discussed it in the introduction for consistency. However, do not directly copy-paste the text from your introduction. Try to paraphrase and change it up to keep the reader engaged.&nbsp;</li><li>A good example of this can be seen <a href="/ee/chemistry/62d17b818af69200139b4759" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a>.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Summarize Key Findings</h3>&nbsp;<ul><li>Highlight your main findings in a few sentences. The conclusion should not be more than 1-2 paragraphs.&nbsp;</li><li>The conclusion should be a summary of your main findings. Do not directly repeat information from the main body of the essay or from the data analysis section for science EEs.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Avoid summarizing every single point from the main essay. Pick only the most important findings to discuss in the conclusion.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>A good example of a succinct conclusion can be seen <a href="/ee/geography/669e82b99509b0754b42c176" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a>.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Avoid Introducing New Evidence</h3>&nbsp;<ul><li>Your conclusion should not contain any new information that has not previously been mentioned in the EE.&nbsp;</li><li>The conclusion is a place to wrap up any loose ends in your EE, not to confuse the reader by introducing new ideas or literature sources.&nbsp;</li><li>Ensure all conclusions you make are supported by the information presented in previous sections of the text.&nbsp;</li><li>A good example of a conclusion based on information only from the main essay can be seen <a href="/ee/computer-science/67048a782a5d4fc6bce1e036" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a>.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Stay Concise and Formal&nbsp;</h3>&nbsp;<ul><li>The conclusion should be around 300-400 words, roughly 10% of your total word count.&nbsp;</li><li>Avoid repeating extensive information from the body of the essay. Stay concise and outline only the main findings from the previous sections of the EE.&nbsp;</li><li>Ensure every sentence is clear and to the point. Do not use sentence fragments or run-on sentences that distract from the main point you are trying to make.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Maintain academic formality, avoiding personal opinions or casual language such as the first-person voice.&nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope this post helped you learn more about how to write an effective EE conclusion. For more useful materials associated with the IB, check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.&nbsp;

thumbnail_hq_76488_A_minimalist_hand-drawn_doodle_sketch_illustration_c_c6cede23-99e8-46a9-a28e-aba15b3cfe66_3.png

hq_76488_A_minimalist_hand-drawn_doodle_sketch_illustration_c_c6cede23-99e8-46a9-a28e-aba15b3cfe66_3.png

A comprehensive guide outlining key points to include when writing the conclusion for an Extended Essay (EE). Use this when planning your essay.

Extended Essay Conclusion Guide

Are you wondering what you should place on the title page of your Extended Essay? The cover page must be concise and include only the following components: title, research question, subject, and word count. An exemplary title page would look like this:&nbsp; &nbsp;Extended Essay&nbsp; &nbsp;Title: Investigation of the Kolbe Electrolysis of Ethanoeate in Acqueous Solution.&nbsp; Research question: How does varying the solution of pH and sodium ethanoate concentration affect the rate and yield of ethane production from its electrolysis? Subject: Chemistry Word count: 3976&nbsp; &nbsp;Checklist:<ol><li>Title: Briefly describe what the essay is about.</li><li>Research question: It must be in a form of a question. Ensure that exactly the same question is included in other sections of your EE and that it is answered at the end of the investigation. &nbsp;</li><li>Subject: Specify what subject your work belongs to.&nbsp;</li><li>Word count: Remember that your essay cannot exceed 4000 words!</li></ol> Don't include:&nbsp;<ol><li>Your name&nbsp;</li><li>Your school's name&nbsp;</li><li>Your IB candidate number... or anything that would facilitate identifying you.&nbsp;</li></ol> You can also take a look <a href="/ee/business-and-management/64b2a4103770b40012850163" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a> or on<a href="/ee/economics/64a98d95f66fe20013841c64" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> this title page</a> for inspiration.&nbsp; <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify</a> offers a variety of <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">exemplars </a>that you can look up to when writing your extended essay. For more guidance, check out our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>, where you will find guides on EE assessment criteria, topic ideas, structure, and many more! &nbsp;

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A comprehensive guide on extended essay title page. Check out how to format your EE cover page appropriately!

Extended Essay Title Page 

A well-crafted research question is a necessity for a successful Extended Essay. In this post, we will provide you with a guide on choosing a research question as well as examples of strong EE research questions.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">EE Research Questions Guide + Examples</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;Check out Clastify's <a href="/research-question-generator" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">research question generator</a> if you need some help getting started on brainstorming your topic! If you already have a research question in mind, feel free to check out our <a href="/research-question-evaluator" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">research question evaluator</a> instead to get feedback on what's good about your research question and what can be improved.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>A guide to choosing a strong EE research question</h3>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h4>Identify your interests&nbsp;</h4>&nbsp;Before you even start thinking of formulating your research question you should consider the area that you're even interested in exploring. Start by identifying topics within a subject you enjoy. Choose an area that genuinely interests you, as the EE is a lengthy journey involving countless hours of research, investigation, and writing to produce a 4,000-word academic piece. Choosing a topic you’re passionate about not only makes the process more enjoyable but also sets you up to perform better. When you pursue a topic you care about, the EE journey becomes much more engaging and manageable.&nbsp;&nbsp;For example, if you’re interested in biology, you might investigate how environmental changes affect local ecosystems or examine the effectiveness of certain antibiotics against resistant bacteria. In history, you could explore the impact of propaganda or analyze the causes and effects of a specific revolution.&nbsp;&nbsp;While technically possible, we do not recommend choosing a topic in a subject you haven't studied. Without a foundation in the subject, you’ll likely spend extra time learning key concepts, which can make the process more challenging and time-consuming.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<h4 style="text-align:justify;">Conduct preliminary research&nbsp;</h4>&nbsp;Once you've identified a broad topic area within a subject you enjoy, the next step is to conduct some preliminary research to see what information is available. Start by exploring credible sources like academic articles, books, and reputable databases to get an overview of the current research in your area of interest. This initial research helps you understand the existing knowledge on your topic, identify gaps or unique angles, and determine how feasible it will be to explore your chosen area in depth. Based on what you find, you’ll be able narrow down your topic. &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For example, if you’re interested in biology and start with a general topic revolving around antibiotics, preliminary research might suggest narrowing it down to the effectiveness of a specific antibiotic in treating antibiotic-resistant bacteria strains. &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In history, if your initial interest was the impact of propaganda, reading widely might reveal fascinating details about how propaganda targeted specific groups. This could lead you to a more focused topic like how Nazi propaganda shaped attitudes in Germany.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<h4 style="text-align:justify;">Formulate a research question&nbsp;</h4>&nbsp;After identifying and narrowing down your topic, it’s time to finally craft a specific research question. This question should be clear, focused, and allow for in-depth critical analysis. When creating your question, ensure it’s not too broad, as this can lead to an overwhelming amount of information, or too narrow, which may limit the depth of your analysis. Aim for a question that allows you to explore your topic fully within the 4,000-word limit while maintaining a focused and cohesive argument. &nbsp;&nbsp;For example, if you narrowed down your topic to the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating resistant bacteria, you could refine it by focusing on a specific antibiotic or a particular strain of bacteria. A focused research question could be: “How effective is vancomycin in treating infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?” This allows you to delve deep into the mechanisms of resistance and the ongoing efforts to combat MRSA, while also ensuring the topic remains manageable.&nbsp;If you narrowed down your topic to the role of propaganda in Nazi Germany, you could refine your topic to a more specific question like: “How did Nazi propaganda between 1933 and 1939 influence public perceptions of Jewish people in Germany?” This question focuses on a specific time period and a targeted group, enabling a more focused and critical analysis of the role of propaganda in shaping societal views.&nbsp;It is very important that there are sufficient sources available to support your research question. Hence, conduct further research and identify specific sources that you will be able to incorporate into your research paper to support your argumentation. Ensure you collect a diverse range of sources, providing various points of view, as this will allow for a well-balanced investigation.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h4 style="text-align:justify;">Set up a meeting with your supervisor&nbsp;</h4>&nbsp;Once you have a draft of your research question, discuss it with your supervisor in your first meeting. They can provide valuable feedback, help you refine your question, and ensure it meets the IB’s requirements.&nbsp;Even if you haven’t finalized your research question, don’t hesitate to schedule a meeting with your supervisor. If you’re feeling uncertain or struggling to find a topic or formulate a research question, your supervisor can offer valuable assistance and guidance. They are there to help you navigate this process and ensure you’re on the right track&nbsp;&nbsp;<pre><code class="language-plaintext">CAROUSEL</code></pre>&nbsp;&nbsp;Remember, selecting an Extended Essay topic is a challenging process, and it's perfectly normal to find yourself changing your topic or revising your research question multiple times. This can understandably lead to feelings of stress or anxiety, but don’t worry; it’s all part of the EE journey. If you find that there aren’t enough sources to support a topic you initially hoped to explore, don’t let it discourage you. Stay positive and keep exploring new ideas. Your perseverance will ultimately lead you to a topic that resonates with you and fulfills all the requirements.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Research question examples</h3>&nbsp;To give you a better idea of how a strong EE research question looks like, we've provided a few examples of well-crafted research questions along with explanations.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="/ee/biology/64acad90b2d6120012fbadb2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">''To what extent do phytochemicals such as resveratrol, glyceollin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) possess comparable antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria to non-prescription otitis externa (OE) treatments such as Ciprofloxacin using Bacillus subtilis as a prokaryotic model organism?''</a>&nbsp;<ul><li>Why it's good: This question targets a specific scientific investigation involving clearly identified variables: phytochemicals (resveratrol, glyceollin, EGCG), a bacterial strain (S. aureus), and a comparative treatment (Ciprofloxacin). It also defines the experimental model (Bacillus subtilis), anchoring the inquiry in a realistic laboratory setting. The command term "to what extent" encourages a nuanced, evaluative approach</li></ul>&nbsp;<a href="/ee/history/6505d4ee851de0a027e5c051" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">''To what extent were the Nuremberg Trials defendants afforded a fair due process?"&nbsp;</a>&nbsp;<ul><li>Why it's good: This question focuses on a historically significant legal event and raises a key ethical and judicial issue: the fairness of legal procedures in the aftermath of World War II. The command term "to what extent" prompts a balanced, analytical evaluation – encouraging students to consider arguments on both sides. The question invites exploration of legal principles, historical context, and differing perspectives, making it suitable for a thoughtful and well-supported historical inquiry.</li></ul>&nbsp;<a href="/ee/business-and-management/652406d5fb522601eb86a942" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">"To what extent has Google's diversification into the wearables industry increased its profitability?" &nbsp;</a>&nbsp;<ul><li>Why it's good: This is a strong question because it focuses on a clear business move – Google expanding into wearables – and asks about its impact on something that is measurable: profitability. Using the phrase “to what extent” invites a balanced discussion, where you can explore both the positive outcomes (like increased revenue, new customers, or ecosystem growth) and possible downsides (like high R&amp;D costs or tough competition from Apple and Samsung). It gives you room to look at real data, compare trends over time, and think critically about whether this strategy is actually paying off for Google. It’s specific, relevant, and encourages an in-depth analysis.</li></ul>&nbsp;<a href="/ee/english-a-lang-lit/668fb580299b614099742a91" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">"How does Tyler Durden use rhetoric to romanticise violence, masculinity and primality in David Fincher’s Fight Club?"&nbsp;</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li>Why it's good: This is a strong question because it focuses on a specific character (Tyler Durden) and how he uses language to shape the film’s themes. It invites a detailed analysis of rhetoric – how Tyler’s speeches, tone, and word choices make violence, raw masculinity, and primal behavior seem appealing or even necessary. The question is rooted in a clear text (Fight Club) and opens up space to explore deeper ideas about identity, social critique, and rebellion. It encourages close reading of the film’s dialogue and visuals, while also connecting to big-picture concepts like toxic masculinity or anti-consumerism.</li></ul>&nbsp;<a href="/ee/geography/64aae245f66fe20013844fe2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">"To what extent is Frankfurt involved in sustainable urban development, analyzing the areas of Riedberg and Praunheim?" &nbsp;</a>&nbsp;<ul><li>Why it's good: This is a strong research question because it focuses on a real-world issue – sustainable urban development – while narrowing it down to two specific areas within a single city. That keeps the investigation focused and manageable. The phrase “to what extent” encourages a balanced evaluation, asking you to weigh how successful Frankfurt has been. It opens up room to explore different aspects of sustainability: environmental design, public transport, energy efficiency, green spaces, and even social inclusion. By comparing Riedberg and Praunheim, the question also allows for critical thinking about how strategies may vary across neighborhoods and what that says about the city’s overall commitment.</li></ul>&nbsp;<a href="/ee/physics/668c3161ddce28a198d18333" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">"To what extent does the tension being applied on a wire affect the resonance frequency?" &nbsp;</a>&nbsp;<ul><li>Why it's good: This question works well because it’s focused, measurable, and rooted in a clear scientific concept: the relationship between tension and resonance frequency. It opens the door for a practical experiment and data analysis, making it great for a physics investigation that combines theory with hands-on testing.</li></ul>&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">&nbsp;</h3><h3 style="text-align:justify;">Examples for each subject</h3>&nbsp;Below you'll find links to posts that provide strong EE research question examples for specific subjects:&nbsp;<ul><li><a href="/blog/biology-ee-topic-ideas-examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Biology</a></li><li><a href="/blog/chemistry-ee-topic-ideas-examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="/blog/physics-ee-topic-ideas-examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Physics</a></li><li><a href="/blog/computer-science-ee-topic-ideas-examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Computer Science&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="/blog/maths-ee-topic-ideas-examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Maths</a></li><li><a href="/blog/global-politics-ee-topic-ideas-examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Global Politics</a></li><li><a href="/blog/economics-ee-topic-ideas-examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Economics</a></li><li><a href="/blog/psychology-ee-topic-ideas-examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Psychology&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="/blog/geography-ee-topic-ideas-examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Geography&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="/blog/business-and-management-ee-topic-ideas-examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Business and Management&nbsp;</a></li><li><a href="/blog/history-ee-topic-ideas-examples-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">History</a>&nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful. For more useful materials associated with the IB, check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.&nbsp;

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A comprehensive guide to choosing an Extended Essay research question. Learn how to create a strong research question and explore our subject-specific research questions. 

EE Research Questions Guide + Examples

The bibliography is a vital part of your Extended Essay – it demonstrates academic honesty, helps examiners assess the depth of your research, and supports your overall argument by showing where your information came from. This post outlines some key points to keep in mind when formatting your EE bibliography.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">Extended Essay Bibliography Guide</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 class="" style="text-align:justify;" data-start="588" data-end="632">Use a Consistent Style</h3>&nbsp;<ul data-start="634" data-end="1211"><li class="" data-start="634" data-end="747">Choose a recognized citation style such as MLA, APA, Chicago, etc. and stick to it throughout your entire essay.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="748" data-end="894">The IB does not require any specific citation style, but keep in mind that whatever style you choose must be applied consistently in both in-text citations and the bibliography.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="895" data-end="990">If you're unsure which style to use, make sure to ask your EE supervisor as they will be able to suggest an appropriate format.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="991" data-end="1112">Use citation tools such as Zotero, EasyBib, etc., or built-in citation features in Word or Google Docs to create correct citations.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="991" data-end="1112">Although you could also do citations manually, it is best to do it using a tool to ensure accuracy and save time.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="1113" data-end="1211">Double-check that all your citations are correct. Sometimes citation tools can make mistakes in volume numbers, issue numbers, date of publication, etc., so you must check each citation yourself to make sure it is accurate.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 class="" style="text-align:justify;" data-start="1218" data-end="1263">Include All References</h3>&nbsp;<ul data-start="1265" data-end="1818"><li class="" data-start="1265" data-end="1396">Your bibliography should list all sources used to support your research, including books, journal articles, websites, interviews, videos, documentaries, and databases.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="1498" data-end="1608">If you used a source in a foreign language, include both the original and translated versions in your citation where applicable. This is especially important for EEs in Group 1 and Group 2 subjects.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="1609" data-end="1731">All sources used in in-text citations must also appear in the bibliography.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="1732" data-end="1818">Avoid adding sources to the bibliography that you never consulted just to make it seem like you did a lot of research. Stick to including only the most relevant sources that you actually referenced in the main EE.&nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 class="" style="text-align:justify;" data-start="1825" data-end="1876">Consider the Credibility</h3>&nbsp;<ul data-start="1878" data-end="2469"><li class="" data-start="1878" data-end="2007">Aim to include academic or peer-reviewed sources where possible, especially for essays in sciences, history, or literature.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="2008" data-end="2108">If you are using websites, use reputable domains (.edu, .org, .gov) and include the authors' names and publication date if available.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="2246" data-end="2358">Avoid overreliance on Wikipedia or other user-edited sources. Although you may use these to initially get a brief overview of your topic before beginning the EE, they must not be cited as academic sources in the final draft.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 class="" style="text-align:justify;" data-start="2476" data-end="2528">Organize Sources Appropriately</h3>&nbsp;<ul data-start="2530" data-end="2900"><li class="" data-start="2530" data-end="2646">Arrange your bibliography in alphabetical order by author’s last name or by title if no author is available.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="2647" data-end="2752">Do not group sources by type (e.g., websites vs books). All sources should be integrated into one list.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="2753" data-end="2821">Use hanging indentation to make the sources more readable.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="2822" data-end="2900">If you have multiple sources by the same author, order them chronologically in the order of publication.&nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope this post helped you learn more about how to create an effective EE bibliography. For more useful materials associated with the IB, check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.&nbsp;

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A comprehensive guide outlining key points to include when formatting an Extended Essay (EE) bibliography. Use this when planning your essay.

Extended Essay Bibliography Guide

The interim reflection of the Extended Essay (EE) shows how your investigation is progressing and how your argument is developing. This reflection is completed after you have written a significant portion of your essay and focuses on how your analysis and approach are evolving. This guide will outline what makes a good interim EE reflection and will also provide an example, so that you can see what a strong interim reflection looks like.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;" data-start="636" data-end="660">EE Interim Reflection</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 data-start="662" data-end="700">What is the EE interim reflection?</h3>&nbsp;The IB EE interim reflection is a short written response completed as part of the <a href="/blog/extended-essay-reflections" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RPPF Form</a> after you have carried out substantial research and begun writing your essay. It is usually written after your second formal meeting with your supervisor. Its purpose is to show how your thinking has developed, how your main argument is coming together, and what challenges you have encountered during the research and drafting stages. This reflection focuses on how you are interpreting your sources, making analytical decisions, and adjusting your approach when difficulties arise. You should explain what has changed since your first reflection, what is currently working well, what problems you are facing, and what you plan to improve before writing your final draft of the EE.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 data-start="1647" data-end="1697">What type of questions will my supervisor ask?</h3>&nbsp;Below are examples of questions your EE supervisor may ask you during the second interview:&nbsp;<ul data-start="1793" data-end="2272"><li data-start="1793" data-end="1863">How has your argument or focus changed since the first reflection?&nbsp;</li><li data-start="1864" data-end="1903">What are your main findings so far?&nbsp;</li><li data-start="1904" data-end="1953">Which sources have been most useful, and why?&nbsp;</li><li data-start="1954" data-end="2008">Are there any gaps or weaknesses in your evidence?&nbsp;</li><li data-start="2009" data-end="2069">What challenges have you faced while writing your draft? What steps do you plan on taking to overcome these challenges?&nbsp;</li><li data-start="2213" data-end="2272">What do you still need to improve before the final draft?</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 data-start="2279" data-end="2322">Example of a good interim EE reflection</h3>&nbsp;Since my first reflection, my focus has shifted from examining whether Instagram increases anxiety to analyzing how social comparison with peers contributes to anxiety symptoms among adolescents. Reviewing psychological studies showed that comparison, rather than overall screen time, is a key factor, which led me to reorganize my essay to focus on behaviours like viewing curated images and tracking likes.&nbsp;One challenge I faced was integrating statistical data with qualitative evidence from interviews and case studies. Initially, my draft relied too heavily on statistics without connecting them to theory. After discussing this with my supervisor, I began linking data to psychological concepts like self-esteem and social comparison, improving the depth of my analysis. I still need to evaluate conflicting viewpoints, as some studies emphasize offline factors more than social media.&nbsp;Moving forward, I will revise paragraphs to better compare perspectives, strengthen my introduction and conclusion, and ensure that each section supports my research question clearly.&nbsp;&nbsp;This is a good interim reflection for the following reasons:&nbsp;<ul data-start="3811" data-end="4497" data-is-last-node="" data-is-only-node=""><li data-start="3811" data-end="3970">Shows development of argument – The student explains how their focus shifted from simply Instagram usage toward social comparison between peers and how this affected the structure of the essay.&nbsp;</li><li data-start="3972" data-end="4151">Demonstrates critical use of sources – The student reflects on how different types of evidence were used and how they improved their analysis by connecting data to theory.&nbsp;</li><li data-start="4153" data-end="4297">Acknowledges writing challenges honestly – The student identifies weaknesses in integrating statistical data with theory and evaluating opposing viewpoints adequately.&nbsp;</li><li data-start="4299" data-end="4497" data-is-last-node="">Explains clear next steps – The student outlines specific plans to revise paragraphs, strengthen comparisons, and improve overall coherence, showing meaningful progress toward the final draft.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful in learning more about the EE interim reflection. For more useful materials associated with the IB, check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.

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A comprehensive guide to the Extended Essay (EE) interim reflection. Learn about the second reflection of the RPPF and how to craft a strong response. 

EE Interim Reflection

Are you about to begin writing your Extended Essay (EE) but are unsure what font size to use? With so many fonts available, it is important to choose a font that is easily readable and not too fancy. This post is here to provide some clarity regarding what font size should be used for an EE.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">IB EE Font Size</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;Although there is no mandatory font size stated by the IB, it is recommended to use a font size of 12. This ensures your text is clear and easy to read for examiners. Using a font size that is smaller than this might reduce the readability of your text and could lead to the examiner missing key information if it is difficult to read.&nbsp;&nbsp;Students are also recommended to use a simple font style such as Arial, Calibri, or Times New Roman when writing their EEs. Avoid using overly decorative or fancy fonts, as these can make your essay look less academic and could also make the text less readable. The text in the EE should also be double-spaced to allow examiners to write comments in between lines.&nbsp;Do not reduce the font size in any sections simply to make the text fit within a particular line or page. Ensure that the font size, style, and spacing are consistent throughout the EE. This helps improve the presentation of your EE as it ensures uniformity throughout.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful. For more useful materials associated with the IB, check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify</a>.&nbsp;

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A comprehensive guide outlining the ideal font size, style and spacing to use for an Extended Essay (EE). 

IB EE Font Size

Although not always required, an appendix can strengthen your Extended Essay by providing relevant supplementary material. However, it's important to use it appropriately and in alignment with IB guidelines. If you decide to include an appendix in your EE, this post is for you! Here, we'll break down what a good EE appendix looks like so that you can format yours accordingly, no matter the subject of your EE.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">Extended Essay Appendix Guide</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 class="" style="text-align:justify;" data-start="480" data-end="514">Purpose of the Appendix</h3>&nbsp;<ul data-start="515" data-end="1178"><li class="" data-start="515" data-end="817">The appendix is for supporting material that would otherwise interrupt the flow of your essay or would cause your essay to exceed the word limit of 4000 words.&nbsp;</li><li>Any evaluative or analytical content should not be placed in the appendix but rather in the main body of your essay.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="818" data-end="1011">The appendix should be a supplement to the main EE, not a place to dump extra information. The reader should be able to fully understand the EE based on the content in the main body, and should only refer to the appendix if they want extra details.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="818" data-end="1011">When writing the EE, assume the examiner will not read the appendix as it is beyond the 4000-word limit. It is up to each individual examiner if they want to see the appendix or not.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="818" data-end="1011">As such, the main EE should contain all the important information relevant to understanding the research question and its outcomes.&nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 class="" style="text-align:justify;" data-start="1185" data-end="1220">Referencing the Appendix</h3>&nbsp;<ul data-start="1221" data-end="1852"><li class="" data-start="1221" data-end="1481">Any content in the appendix must be clearly referenced in the body of the essay. Use statements like: “See Appendix A for the full raw dataset” to guide the examiner to the appropriate section. Avoid vague references like “see the appendix” without indicating which section or why the examiner should look there.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="1482" data-end="1683">The appendix should be easy to navigate with clear labels, headings, and consistent formatting (e.g. Appendix A: Raw Spectral Data, Appendix B: Calibration Curves, etc.).&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="1684" data-end="1852">The appendix is not a loophole to exceed the word count. Words in the appendix are not included in the official word count, but placing any analysis here may be penalized. Do not tell the examiner to refer to the analysis in the appendix, as the analysis must be presented in the main EE instead.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 class="" style="text-align:justify;" data-start="1859" data-end="1902">Types of Content You Can Include</h3>&nbsp;<h4 class="" style="text-align:justify;" data-start="463" data-end="519">Group 1 – Studies in Language and Literature</h4>&nbsp;<ul data-start="559" data-end="777"><li class="" data-start="559" data-end="632">Extended literary excerpts referenced in the analysis (with citations).&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="635" data-end="709">Annotated copies of short poems or passages with close textual analysis.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="712" data-end="777">Original translations of non-English texts, if used in the main EE.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h4 class="" style="text-align:justify;" data-start="929" data-end="971">Group 2 – Language Acquisition</h4>&nbsp;<ul data-start="1011" data-end="1227"><li class="" data-start="1011" data-end="1083">Transcripts of interviews or surveys conducted in the target language.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="1086" data-end="1167">Examples of cultural materials (e.g., advertisements, posters, news headlines).&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="1170" data-end="1227">Original versions of translated texts used in analysis.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h4 class="" style="text-align:justify;" data-start="1379" data-end="1497">Group 3 – Individuals and Societies</h4>&nbsp;<ul data-start="1537" data-end="1800"><li class="" data-start="1537" data-end="1593">Raw survey data, tables, and charts.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="1596" data-end="1664">Interview transcripts or extended quotations from primary sources.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="1667" data-end="1717">Maps, timelines, or images relevant to analysis.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="1720" data-end="1800">For Business – case study materials, financial data, SWOT/PEST analysis tables.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h4 class="" style="text-align:justify;" data-start="1948" data-end="2031">Group 4 – Sciences</h4>&nbsp;<ul data-start="2071" data-end="2244"><li class="" data-start="2071" data-end="2117">Raw experimental data or calculation tables.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="2120" data-end="2193">Sample logs, graphs, preliminary procedures, and extensive raw data tables.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="2196" data-end="2244">Diagrams or schematics of experimental setups.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h4 class="" style="text-align:justify;" data-start="2370" data-end="2403">Group 5 – Mathematics</h4>&nbsp;<ul data-start="2443" data-end="2627"><li class="" data-start="2443" data-end="2497">Detailed workings for complex derivations or proofs.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="2500" data-end="2541">Large data sets or mathematical models.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="2544" data-end="2627">Graphs, simulations, or raw calculator output.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h4 class="" style="text-align:justify;" data-start="2768" data-end="2841">Group 6 – The Arts</h4>&nbsp;<ul data-start="2881" data-end="3108"><li class="" data-start="2881" data-end="2932">Sketches, storyboard frames, or production notes.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="2935" data-end="2995">Photographs of artworks, set designs, or costume mock-ups.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="2998" data-end="3057">Extended interview transcripts with artists or directors.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="3060" data-end="3108">Scripts or scores referenced in your analysis.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 class="" style="text-align:justify;" data-start="2648" data-end="2686">Formatting and Presentation</h3>&nbsp;<ul data-start="2687" data-end="3195"><li class="" data-start="2687" data-end="2848">Label each appendix clearly (e.g., Appendix A, Appendix B) and use consistent formatting. Keep fonts, margins, and spacing in the appendix uniform between the main EE and the appendix.&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="2849" data-end="3016">Arrange the appendices in the order in which they are referenced in the main EE. This helps the examiner follow your logic and find supporting material easily and in an organized manner.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li class="" data-start="3017" data-end="3195">Ensure your appendix looks professional and organized, just like the rest of your essay. Ensure all figures, tables, and graphs have a caption with a number and a brief description.&nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope this post helped you learn more about how to create an EE appendix effectively. For more useful materials associated with the IB, check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.&nbsp;

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A comprehensive guide outlining key points to include when creating the appendix for an Extended Essay (EE). Use this when planning your essay.

Extended Essay Appendix Guide

Whether you are a prospective IB student or you have already begun your academic journey, you have most likely heard about the Extended Essay, a key component of the IB Diploma Programme. Keep reading to learn about its significance, structure, the writing process, and the unique opportunity it provides for students to explore their interests in depth.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">What is the Extended Essay?</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;The Extended Essay is a 4000-word research paper in which students investigate virtually any topic of their choice that relates to one of the six IB DP subject groups. It offers a valuable opportunity to explore a topic of personal interest and develop essential academic research and writing skills that can be highly beneficial for university life. The Extended Essay is assessed externally and is a mandatory component of the IB Core. Not only is it required to pass the IB DP, but it also contributes to the student's IB score, as along with TOK, it can earn up to 3 additional IB points (to learn more on how exactly the EE and TOK impact your IB score, <a href="/blog/tok-ee-matrix" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">click here</a>).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The content and requirements of Extended Essays vary largely across subjects, and hence we recommend that you check out our wide array of <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE exemplars </a>for subject-specific examples. Nevertheless, all EEs share the same overall structure:&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li>A cover page with the essay's topic and research question included&nbsp;</li><li>A table of contents page&nbsp;</li><li>An Introduction where the student introduces the research question, outlines the thesis, provides necessary explanations, background information and a justification of pursuing the topic&nbsp;</li><li>The essay's body, where the main analysis and exploration of the research question takes place&nbsp;</li><li>A Conclusion where the student summarizes the main findings of the essay and formulates an answer to the research question&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>A Bibliography listing all sources used in the essay</li></ul>&nbsp;Apart from the Extended Essay itself, students are also required to participate in 3 mandatory interviews with their supervisor, based on which they produce <a href="/blog/extended-essay-reflections" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">3 reflections</a> in which they reflect on the writing process. The reflections are reviewed by IB examiners along with the EE itself.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">EE Writing Process</h3>&nbsp;<ul><li>The EE writing process begins with the selection of the subject in which a student wishes to pursue their EE. Students are then assigned a supervisor who helps them come up with an appropriate research question. This is also when students have their first interview with their supervisor, based on which they write their <a href="/blog/ee-first-reflection" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">First Reflection</a>.&nbsp;</li><li>Students then begin researching their topic, reviewing sources, and creating outlines. It is at this stage that students often refine their research question to a more suitable one.&nbsp;</li><li>After gathering a sufficient amount of information, knowledge and source materials, students begin writing their first full EE draft. The second interview takes place after a significant amount of work has been completed but before the first full draft is finished. Based on this interview, students complete their <a href="/blog/ee-interim-reflection">Second (Interim) Reflection</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>After submitting their first full EE draft, students receive feedback from their supervisor, based on which they complete their final EE version. For an added layer of support, you can also <a href="/review" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">upload your EE to receive personalised feedback and guidance</a> from Clastify's tutors, with moderation from official IB examiners.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Once the final version is complete, students participate in the last interview, based on which they write their <a href="/blog/ee-viva-voce" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Final Reflection (Viva Voce)</a>.&nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<pre><code class="language-plaintext">CAROUSEL</code></pre><h3 style="text-align:justify;">&nbsp;</h3><h3 style="text-align:justify;">Is there a deadline for the EE?</h3>&nbsp;While the IBO does not specify an official deadline, the final EE version must typically be submitted not later than around 2 months before the exam session, with specific dates varying between schools, each setting their own internal deadlines.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">How is the EE assessed?</h3>&nbsp;As mentioned, the EE is marked externally by IB examiners selected by the IBO. Students may score up to 30 points. While grade boundaries may vary between exam sessions, they generally average as follows:&nbsp;<figure class="table" style="width:100%;"><table><thead><tr><th>Grade</th><th>Points</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>A</td><td>24-30</td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>16-23</td></tr><tr><td>C</td><td>11-15</td></tr><tr><td>D</td><td>5-10</td></tr><tr><td>E</td><td>0-4</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>&nbsp;The grade obtained from the Extended Essay contributes to the number of IB core points that a student may receive. For detailed information on how the EE impacts your IB score, check out our <a href="/blog/tok-ee-matrix" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE/TOK Matrix Post</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Interdisciplinary EE</h3>&nbsp;The interdisciplinary pathway for the Extended Essay allows students to integrate knowledge and methods from two chosen DP subjects to research a topic of personal interest. This approach can lead to fresh insights and deeper understandings that a single-subject investigation might not provide. Key requirements for this pathway include:&nbsp;<ul><li>Subject Selection – Students must combine two available DP subjects. However, cross-disciplinary subjects such as Environmental Systems and Societies (ESS) and Literature and Performance cannot be used in the interdisciplinary pathway.&nbsp;</li><li>Interdisciplinary Frameworks – The topic should be positioned within one of the five provided frameworks:<ul><li>Power, equality, justice</li><li>Culture, identity, expression</li><li>Movement, time, space</li><li>Evidence, measurement, innovation</li><li>Sustainability, development, change</li></ul></li></ul>&nbsp;<ul><li>Research Question and Integration – The research question must invite a critical examination of the topic by integrating perspectives from both selected subjects. While an even balance between the two disciplines is not required, the essay must demonstrate that their integration specifically enabled an effective response to the question.</li></ul>&nbsp;<ul><li>Academic Rigour – It is strongly recommended that students study at least one of the two chosen subjects, if not both, to ensure they have the necessary disciplinary grounding to maintain research quality.</li></ul>&nbsp;<ul><li>Global Significance – This pathway is particularly appropriate for investigating complex contemporary issues of global concern. Examples include exploring global sustainability through chemistry and geography, or climate change modelling using mathematics and computer science.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope that you now have a thorough understanding of the IB Extended Essay. Be sure to check out our <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IB EE exemplars</a> for valuable EE resources. Good luck!

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A comprehensive guide to Extended Essay (EE). Learn more about the writing process, the EE deadline, assessment and World Studies Extended Essay (EE).

What is the Extended Essay (EE)?

Whether you're finishing up your Extended Essay or you're just starting out, knowing the deadline for the EE can save you a great deal of stress. In this post we will explain the EE deadline so that it no longer weighs on your mind.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">IB Extended Essay Deadline&nbsp;</h2>&nbsp;The IB does not provide students with a specific deadline for the Extended Essay. Instead, it sets a final submission deadline for schools by which all EEs must be sent off, which is communicated only to the school's IB Coordinator. This means it is the responsibility of each school to set its own internal deadline for students. To find out your specific EE deadline, speak directly with your IB Coordinator, as they are the one who determines and communicates this to students.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>The internal deadlines</h3>&nbsp;As mentioned, it is your school that sets the deadline for submitting your Extended Essay (EE) and RPPF forms. Typically, this deadline falls in February (DP2) for the May session and around August (DP2) for the November session.&nbsp;&nbsp;Schools also set internal deadlines for the first draft submission, which is the only stage at which your EE supervisor is permitted to provide comprehensive feedback on your entire essay. The first draft deadline typically falls shortly after students return from summer break, at the start of DP2.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>What to do if I miss the EE deadline?</h3>&nbsp;First of all, don’t panic. As mentioned earlier, deadlines are set internally, and schools often schedule them a few weeks ahead of the official IB submission date to allow for unexpected situations like this. If you miss your EE deadline, contact your school’s IB Coordinator immediately, explain the circumstances, and they will guide you on the next steps. That said, we can’t stress enough how important it is to meet your deadlines – doing so will save you a lot of stress and uncertainty.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>How to meet the deadline</h3>&nbsp;The best way to meet the EE deadline is to start early. Ideally, you should formulate a research question in the second semester of DP 1 and begin working on your essay before the summer break between DP1 and DP2. If you can finish a full first draft by the start of DP2, you’ll give yourself enough time to develop your ideas properly and avoid rushing through the writing process. Submitting your draft on time also means your supervisor has enough time to review it and give you useful feedback. You can also use <a href="/review" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify’s Review Service</a> for extra support and personalised suggestions to improve your EE. Make sure you don’t leave formatting and citations to the last minute. They often take more time than expected, and proper referencing is essential to avoid plagiarism.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful. For more useful materials associated with the IB check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.

A comprehensive guide to the Extended Essay (EE) deadline. Learn by when you must submit your EE, what happens if you don't, and explore our tips on submitting a strong essay on time. 

IB Extended Essay Deadline

Citing sources in your Extended Essay is crucial as it allows you to avoid plagiarism. In this post we will go through the correct way of citing sources in your EE.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">IB EE Citation Format&nbsp;</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;When writing your EE, you must include references whenever you use ideas that aren’t your own, no matter whether it is data, text, or an image. This applies not only to direct quotes but also to information you paraphrase. You do not however need to cite your own analysis or any information you’ve personally gathered.&nbsp;When citing, include the reference right after you mention it, like so:&nbsp;''The Industrial Revolution had a profound impact on urbanisation, leading to rapid population growth in cities as people moved in search of work (Griffin, 2014). This shift resulted in overcrowded living conditions and poor sanitation, which contributed to the spread of diseases.''&nbsp;<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);display:inline !important;float:none;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;">In the first sentence, a fact from Griffin’s work is introduced, so the citation "(Griffin, 2014)" is included immediately after the referenced information. However, since the following sentences continue discussing the same topic and clearly build on the same source, there is no need to repeat the citation unless a new source is introduced or there is a significant break in the discussion.&nbsp;It is also very important you include all references in an alphabetically-ordered bibliography that you place at the end of your Extended Essay.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>Which referencing style should I use for my EE?</h3>&nbsp;The IB does not mandate a specific citation style for Extended Essays, allowing students to choose any recognized academic referencing style. However, certain conventions have emerged over time regarding preferred styles for different subjects. Generally, APA is recommended for Science and Math EEs, while Harvard is commonly used for humanities EEs.&nbsp;&nbsp;We will now provide you with a few popular citation methods you may use.<h4>&nbsp;</h4><h4>APA</h4>&nbsp;To cite in APA, provide:<ul><li>Author’s last name, First initial&nbsp;</li><li>Year of publication in parentheses&nbsp;</li><li>Title of the book in italics Edition (if applicable)&nbsp;</li><li>Publisher URL or DOI for online sources</li></ul>&nbsp;A full citation in APA looks the following way:&nbsp;Griffin, E. (2014). The Making of the Modern World: The Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective (3rd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9781137425561&nbsp;In-text citation:&nbsp;(Griffin, 2014)&nbsp;<h4>Harvard</h4>&nbsp;To cite in Harvard, provide:<ul><li>Author’s last name, First initial.&nbsp;</li><li>Year of publication in parentheses&nbsp;</li><li>Title of the book in italics&nbsp;</li><li>Edition (if applicable)&nbsp;</li><li>Publisher URL (if the book is available online)</li><li>Access date</li></ul>&nbsp;A full citation in Harvard looks the following way:&nbsp;Griffin, E. (2014). The Making of the Modern World: The Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective. 3rd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9781137425561 [Accessed 24 Feb. 2025].&nbsp;In-text citation:&nbsp;(Griffin, 2014)<h4>&nbsp;</h4><h4>MLA</h4>&nbsp;To cite in MLA, provide:<ul><li>Author’s full name&nbsp;</li><li>Title of the book in italics&nbsp;</li><li>Edition (if applicable)&nbsp;</li><li>Publisher&nbsp;</li><li>Year of publication&nbsp;</li><li>URL (if the book is available online)</li></ul>&nbsp;A full citation in MLA looks the following way:&nbsp;Griffin, Eric. The Making of the Modern World: The Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective. 3rd ed., Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Available at: https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9781137425561&nbsp;In-text citation:&nbsp;(Griffin)&nbsp;&nbsp;No matter which citation method you choose, it is very important you stay consistent with it. Students cannot use more than one referencing style in their EE.&nbsp;<h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>Should I use footnotes or in-text citations in my EE?</h3>&nbsp;Once again, the IB does not set specific guidelines for this. However, a general rule of thumb is to use footnotes for EEs that involve extensive data analysis (such as those in Science and Mathematics) and in-text citations for text-heavy EEs (such as those in History and English).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful. For more useful materials associated with the IB check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.

A comprehensive guide to the citation format in IB Extended Essay (EE). 

IB EE Citation Format

Choosing a good Extended Essay topic is crucial. A well-chosen topic allows for a thorough investigation and keeps you interested throughout the entire writing process. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width:0px;caret-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);display:inline !important;float:none;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;orphans:auto;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:auto;word-spacing:0px;">In this post, we’ll guide you through key steps to help you select a topic that sets you up for success in the EE.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">How to choose an Extended Essay topic?</h2>&nbsp;<h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>Identify your interests&nbsp;</h3>&nbsp;Start by exploring topics within a subject you enjoy. Choose an area that genuinely interests you, as the EE is a lengthy journey involving countless hours of research, investigation, and writing to produce a 4,000-word academic piece. Choosing a topic you’re passionate about not only makes the process more enjoyable but also sets you up to perform better. When you pursue a topic you care about, the EE journey becomes much more engaging and manageable.&nbsp;&nbsp;For example, if you’re interested in biology, you might investigate how environmental changes affect local ecosystems or examine the effectiveness of certain antibiotics against resistant bacteria. In history, you could explore the impact of propaganda or analyze the causes and effects of a specific revolution.&nbsp;&nbsp;While technically possible, we do not recommend choosing a topic in a subject you haven't studied. Without a foundation in the subject, you’ll likely spend extra time learning key concepts, which can make the process more challenging and time-consuming.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Conduct preliminary research&nbsp;</h3>&nbsp;Once you've identified a broad topic area within a subject you enjoy, the next step is to conduct some preliminary research to see what information is available. Start by exploring credible sources like academic articles, books, and reputable databases to get an overview of the current research in your area of interest. This initial research helps you understand the existing knowledge on your topic, identify gaps or unique angles, and determine how feasible it will be to explore your chosen area in depth. Based on what you find, you’ll be able narrow down your topic. &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For example, if you’re interested in biology and start with a general topic revolving around antibiotics, preliminary research might suggest narrowing it down to the effectiveness of a specific antibiotic in treating antibiotic-resistant bacteria strains. &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In history, if your initial interest was the impact of propaganda, reading widely might reveal fascinating details about how propaganda targeted specific groups. This could lead you to a more focused topic like how Nazi propaganda shaped attitudes in Germany.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Formulate a research question&nbsp;</h3>&nbsp;After identifying and narrowing down your topic, it’s time to craft a specific research question. This question should be clear, focused, and allow for in-depth critical analysis. When creating your question, ensure it’s not too broad, as this can lead to an overwhelming amount of information, or too narrow, which may limit the depth of your analysis. Aim for a question that allows you to explore your topic fully within the 4,000-word limit while maintaining a focused and cohesive argument. &nbsp;&nbsp;For example, if you narrowed down your topic to the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating resistant bacteria, you could refine it by focusing on a specific antibiotic or a particular strain of bacteria. A focused research question could be: “How effective is vancomycin in treating infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?” This allows you to delve deep into the mechanisms of resistance and the ongoing efforts to combat MRSA, while also ensuring the topic remains manageable.&nbsp;If you narrowed down your topic to the role of propaganda in Nazi Germany, you could refine your topic to a more specific question like: “How did Nazi propaganda between 1933 and 1939 influence public perceptions of Jewish people in Germany?” This question focuses on a specific time period and a targeted group, enabling a more focused and critical analysis of the role of propaganda in shaping societal views.&nbsp;It is very important that there are sufficient sources available to support your research question. Hence, conduct further research and identify specific sources that you will be able to incorporate into your research paper to support your argumentation. Ensure you collect a diverse range of sources, providing various points of view, as this will allow for a well-balanced investigation.&nbsp;<h3>Set up a meeting with your supervisor&nbsp;</h3>&nbsp;Once you have a draft of your research question, discuss it with your supervisor in your first meeting. They can provide valuable feedback, help you refine your question, and ensure it meets the IB’s requirements.&nbsp;Even if you haven’t finalized your research question, don’t hesitate to schedule a meeting with your supervisor. If you’re feeling uncertain or struggling to find a topic or formulate a research question, your supervisor can offer valuable assistance and guidance. They are there to help you navigate this process and ensure you’re on the right track&nbsp;&nbsp;<pre><code class="language-plaintext">CAROUSEL</code></pre>&nbsp;&nbsp;Remember, selecting an Extended Essay topic is a challenging process, and it's perfectly normal to find yourself changing your topic or revising your research question multiple times. This can understandably lead to feelings of stress or anxiety, but don’t worry; it’s all part of the EE journey. If you find that there aren’t enough sources to support a topic you initially hoped to explore, don’t let it discourage you. Stay positive and keep exploring new ideas. Your perseverance will ultimately lead you to a topic that resonates with you and fulfills all the requirements.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Good and bad examples of EE research questions</h3>&nbsp;''How important was the role of the feminist movement in 1960s America in shaping the cultural acceptance of women in the workforce?"&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li>Why it's good: This question addresses a specific movement (feminism) and a clear cultural change (acceptance of women in the workforce). The topic is clear and the command term ''how important'' facilitates an in-depth, analytical discussion, requiring students to consider and weigh various approaches.&nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;''How does the use of color symbolism in The Great Gatsby enhance the theme of the American Dream?"&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li>Why it's good: This question is focused on a specific theme in a single novel, allowing for a close analysis of the author's literary techniques (color symbolism) and their relation to a central theme. It’s a manageable and focused topic with sufficient literary criticism available.</li></ul>&nbsp;''What are the effects of climate change?''&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li>Why it's bad: This question is far too broad and does not provide a clear direction for analysis. It asks for a general description of the effects, which could range from rising temperatures to the impact on biodiversity, weather patterns, and human populations. A more focused and analytical question would be: "To what extent has climate change contributed to the increase in frequency and severity of natural disasters in the last 50 years?" This invites an investigation of a specific impact and its significance, promoting a more detailed and critical discussion.</li></ul>&nbsp;''What are the main features of Renaissance art?''&nbsp;<ul><li>Why it's bad: This question is descriptive and prompts a simple list of features rather than a critical evaluation or analysis of their significance. It doesn’t promote deeper discussion about how or why these features are important, or their impact on the development of art. A more analytical question would be: "To what extent did the use of perspective in Renaissance art influence the evolution of Western art?" This focuses on a specific feature and its lasting impact, encouraging a deeper exploration of artistic development.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful. For more useful materials associated with the IB check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.

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A comprehensive guide to choosing an Extended Essay topic. Learn how to choose an EE topic and a well-crafted research question.

How to choose an Extended Essay topic?

The IB Extended Essay (EE) allows students to independently investigate a topic of personal interest and develop strong research, writing, and critical thinking skills. If you are formatting your Extended Essay, read this post for some guidance on the appropriate spacing to use to keep your work professional and easy to read.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">IB Extended Essay Spacing</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;According to the official guidance from the IB, there is no fixed line-spacing requirement for the Extended Essay. This means students are free to choose whatever spacing they like, as long as the essay is easy to read. However, it is strongly recommended that you use 1.5 spacing or double spacing throughout your Extended Essay to ensure readability of the work and a clear presentation.&nbsp;&nbsp;While single or 1.15 spacing is not explicitly prohibited, it can make the text appear crowded and more challenging for the examiner to follow. Closely packed text can also make it more likely for important points to be overlooked if the essay looks like a wall of text rather than being appropriately spaced out. In addition, examiners often annotate or comment on student work. Using wider spacing, such as 1.5 or double spacing, makes this annotation process much easier for examiners.&nbsp;Although spacing itself does not directly affect your mark, presentation still matters since a well-formatted essay creates a stronger overall impression and helps your ideas stand out more clearly. For this reason, we recommend using 1.5 or double line spacing, a font size of 12, and a clear, readable font style (e.g. Times New Roman, Arial). The IB does not set a page limit for the Extended Essay, so using wider spacing will not cause any issues. However, you must still stay within the <a href="/blog/ee-word-count-and-page-limit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">maximum word limit of 4,000 words</a>, regardless of the spacing you choose.&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful in learning more about the Extended Essay spacing. For more useful materials associated with the IB, check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify</a> and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.

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A comprehensive guide to the IB Extended Essay (EE) spacing. Use this when formatting your Extended Essay.

IB Extended Essay Spacing 

The IB Extended Essay (EE) is one of the most important pieces of independent academic work you complete during the IB Diploma Programme. Because the EE is a long, research-based project, feedback is crucial for improving your academic writing. In this post, we'll go over some tips on how to ask for feedback, interpret your supervisor’s comments, and implement them effectively in your work to ensure you get a top score on the EE.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">IB Extended Essay Feedback</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;Here are some of our top tips on how to get effective feedback on your EE:&nbsp;<ul><li data-start="188" data-end="420">Ask for feedback early – Start seeking feedback as soon as you have a research question or a rough outline. Getting feedback on your initial ideas helps identify weaknesses in your investigation before you spend time on writing and developing your essay. It is better to ask for feedback early to catch any errors before you start writing the bulk of your essay. The <a href="/blog/ee-first-reflection" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE first reflection</a> is a great way to do this, as it involves an interview with your EE supervisor, where both you and your supervisor can ask each other questions about the initial stages of the EE-writing process.&nbsp;</li><li data-start="422" data-end="710">Be specific –&nbsp;When approaching your supervisor, ask targeted questions such as “Does my argument flow logically?” or “Is my research question clear and focused?” Specific questions ensure you receive realistic insights rather than vague opinions or general statements on how to improve.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li data-start="712" data-end="970">Choose the right people –&nbsp;When asking for feedback, you need to make sure that the person reviewing your essay is familiar with the EE guidelines and requirements, as well as the course content for the subject you are writing your EE in. For example, if your EE is in Chemistry, you should ask your Chemistry teacher to review your essay. Asking for feedback from your supervisor rather than family members or friends can help ensure your research and writing are in line with IB expectations.&nbsp;</li><li data-start="1018" data-end="1242">Be open to criticism – Keep an open mind to constructive criticism of your essay. While it would be ideal to only hear good things about your work from your supervisor, the purpose of feedback is to improve your essay to its best possible level. As such, there will most likely be times when your supervisor or teacher comments on missing aspects of your essay or focuses in-depth on errors you may have made. It is important not to get discouraged when this happens – instead, you should be open to hearing about any mistakes made and should ask questions about how to fix these errors.&nbsp;</li><li data-start="1476" data-end="1691">Ask clarifying questions – If a comment is unclear, don’t hesitate to ask for examples or explanations. Clarifying doubts regarding feedback ensures you can fully understand what your supervisor is telling you to improve for your final submission. It is better to ask your supervisor to explain their comments if you are unsure than to implement their feedback in an incorrect manner.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li data-start="2287" data-end="2533">Prioritize the most important feedback – Focus first on suggestions that strengthen your argument, improve the essay's structure, or address major gaps in research. Minor issues like grammar and formatting can be fixed later once the main essay is thorough. You should aim to start implementing the more time-consuming feedback first so that you have sufficient time before the deadline to make the necessary changes.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li data-start="3039" data-end="3289">Re-evaluate after revisions – After applying feedback, review your essay to ensure the improvements you implemented have strengthened your argument and improved clarity. Sometimes revisions introduce new issues, so another round of reflection or feedback may be necessary. The <a href="/blog/ee-interim-reflection" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE interim reflection</a> is a great way to have a midpoint check-in during the EE-writing process. You will have a second interview with your supervisor, where you can now discuss new topics, such as challenges faced in the research process or if any further changes need to be made to your essay draft.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<div class="flex flex-col text-sm pb-25"><article class="text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])>*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" tabindex="-1" dir="auto" data-turn-id="request-WEB:02cb0953-2fc9-4cb0-8d18-b1f928c95a60-18" data-testid="conversation-turn-10" data-scroll-anchor="true" data-turn="assistant"><div class="text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @w-sm/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)"><div class="[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex max-w-full flex-col grow"><div class="min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="d043cd2a-6d1f-4d4a-9fc8-30d41830d140" dir="auto" data-message-model-slug="gpt-5-2"><div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]"><div class="markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word light markdown-new-styling">If you want to receive detailed feedback on your Extended Essay, make sure you check out <a href="/review" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify's EE review service</a>. You will receive a personalized review for your EE from an official IB examiner who is familiar with the EE grading criteria and can help give you insider tips on how to improve your work to get the maximum score. Instead of guessing what the IB wants, you will receive clear feedback, detailed suggestions, and a predicted score that allows you to tailor your work to the best standard possible. With our maximum 3-day turnaround, AI assistant to help you understand examiner comments, and full money-back guarantee if you are not satisfied with your review, Clastify is here to support you every step of the EE journey!</div></div></div></div><div class="z-0 flex min-h-[46px] justify-start">&nbsp;</div></div></div></article></div>&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful in learning more about getting feedback for the IB Extended Essay. For more useful materials associated with the IB, check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.

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A comprehensive guide outlining how to ask for, understand, and implement feedback received from your teacher or Extended Essay supervisor. Use this when refining your EE.

IB Extended Essay Feedback

As you approach the process of writing your Extended Essay, you may have heard about the EE Supervisor. This post will clarify the role of the EE Supervisor, aiming to ensure you fully understand how to leverage their support for a successful Extended Essay experience.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">EE Supervisor Explained</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;The EE Supervisor provides crucial support and guidance during the entire EE journey. EE Supervisors are your school's subject teachers in the field you’ve chosen for your Extended Essay. They will provide you with detailed advice and suggestions for improvement to help ensure your essay meets high academic standards. Your assigned EE Supervisor will:&nbsp;<ul><li>help you come up with and refine a research question that satisfies the IB Criteria</li><li>answer any of your questions&nbsp;</li><li>offer insights and advice on academic sources, methodologies, and theoretical frameworks relevant to the student’s topic</li><li>monitor your progress and ensure you meet all EE deadlines&nbsp;</li><li>provide one-time detailed feedback on your EE First Draft&nbsp;</li><li>ensure that students adhere to academic integrity standards, including proper citation practices and originality</li><li>provide a predicted grade for your Extended Essay</li></ul>&nbsp;The EE Supervisor will also facilitate 3 mandatory interviews based on which students produce 3 reflections in which they reflect on the entire EE writing process.&nbsp;<h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>The limits of your EE Supervisor's help</h3>&nbsp;<ul><li>Your EE Supervisor cannot come up with a research question for you</li><li>Your EE Supervisor cannot write any sections of your essay for you</li><li>Your EE Supervisor can only review your work once, providing feedback solely on your First Full Draft</li><li>Your EE Supervisor can only provide suggestions but cannot implement them&nbsp;</li><li>Your EE Supervisor can provide general advice on citation methods but they cannot check and correct all of your references&nbsp;</li></ul><h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>How are EE Supervisors assigned?</h3>&nbsp;Your school will assign an EE Supervisor who specialises in the subject you have chosen to write your Extended Essay in. Note that you cannot choose your EE Supervisor yourself.&nbsp;<h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>When are EE Supervisors assigned?</h3>&nbsp;Students are assigned an EE Supervisor once they have declared the subject area for their Extended Essay. This usually takes place around the middle of the Diploma Programme Year 1 (DP1). At this stage, students are matched with a supervisor who is knowledgeable in their chosen field and will be able to provide tailored guidance and support for their research and writing process.&nbsp;<h3>&nbsp;</h3>&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful. For more useful materials associated with the IB check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify</a>.&nbsp;

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A comprehensive explanation of the IB EE (Extended Essay) Supervisor. Learn about the role of the EE Supervisor, the guidance they offer, the limits of their help, and how are the EE Supervisors assigned.

EE Supervisor Explained 

The IB Extended Essay (EE) is a major independent research project that allows students to explore a topic in depth and develop strong academic writing and research skills. In previous years, one of the requirements was to have an abstract as part of the EE document. If you are wondering if this is still the case, this post will explain the current requirements clearly so you can format your essay correctly and avoid unnecessary work.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">Does the IB Extended Essay Need an Abstract?</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;According to the official guidance from the International Baccalaureate, the Extended Essay no longer requires an abstract. In earlier versions of the Extended Essay, students had to include a short abstract summarising the research question, method and conclusions. However, this requirement was removed as part of a syllabus update in 2018. As per the current EE syllabus, students should not include an abstract in their final EE submission. This means that if you add an abstract to your essay, it will not be assessed as it does not fall under any of the EE grading criteria.&nbsp;Including extra sections that are no longer required can create confusion and suggest that you are not following the most up-to-date IB guidance, which can take away presentation marks. Including an abstract also reduces the number of words available to use on more relevant sections of your EE, such as the background information or discussion.&nbsp;&nbsp;Instead of writing an abstract, students now complete a Reflections on Planning and Progress Form (RPPF). Through three short entries - <a href="/blog/ee-first-reflection" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">first</a>, <a href="/blog/ee-interim-reflection" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">interim</a>, and <a href="/blog/ee-viva-voce" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Viva Voce</a> reflections - students explain how their research developed, the challenges they faced, the decisions they made throughout the process, and the learning outcomes they achieved. These reflections are used to assess students' engagement with the research process, which contributes to their final EE grade. In other words, while the abstract has been removed, reflection on the learning and research journey has become more important than before.&nbsp;Many students may accidentally include an abstract because they rely on older examples or templates found online. When using sample essays, always check that they follow the current Extended Essay requirements. Older exemplars may still show an abstract, even though it is no longer part of the official EE structure. You can visit the <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify website</a> for the most up-to-date EE examples.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful in learning more about the Extended Essay abstract requirements. For more useful materials associated with the IB, check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify</a> and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.

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A guide outlining whether the IB Extended Essay (EE) needs an abstract. Use this when formatting your Extended Essay.

Does the IB Extended Essay Need An Abstract?

The Extended Essay is a mandatory part of the IB, and many students wonder whether it's possible to fail and what the consequences would be. In this post, we'll address these questions and clear up any doubts.&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">Can you fail IB Extended Essay?</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;In short, yes, it is possible to fail the Extended Essay. Receiving a grade E, which ranges from 0 to 7 out of 34 marks, results in a failure.&nbsp;&nbsp;Failing the Extended Essay results in an automatic failure of the IB Diploma Programme. It is therefore absolutely crucial you do well in the EE and therefore we have compiled a list of tips that will ensure you not only pass but excel in your EE:&nbsp;<ul><li>Choose a topic that interests you – you will be spending a considerable amount of time on the EE and hence it is best that you choose a topic that you genuinely enjoy.&nbsp; &nbsp;</li><li>Do not rush – Think through all your arguments to create a well-structured paper. &nbsp;</li><li>Formulate a clear research question – A well-defined research question will give your essay direction and make it easier to structure your arguments effectively. &nbsp;</li><li>Follow the EE criteria carefully – The IB has strict guidelines for structure, word count, and citations. Be sure to follow them carefully to avoid losing marks unnecessarily.&nbsp; &nbsp;</li><li>Write multiple drafts and revise – A well-structured and polished EE takes time; edit for clarity, coherence, and argument strength. &nbsp;</li><li>Use reliable and varied sources – A strong EE is backed by credible academic sources, so ensure you use books, journal articles, and reputable websites.&nbsp; &nbsp;</li><li>Look at exemplars – Reviewing high-scoring Extended Essays will give you a clear understanding of what is required by the IB. For that, check out our plethora of <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE sample essays</a>. &nbsp;</li><li>Seek feedback – If you want to take your EE to the next level and ensure you score high, consider using our <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">review service</a> that provides detailed, constructive feedback and specific tips for improvement.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful. For more useful materials associated with the IB check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify</a>.&nbsp;

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Learn about whether you can fail the Extended Essay (EE) and what happens when you do. Explore our tips for succeeding in the EE. 

Can you fail IB Extended Essay?

Formatting the table of contents for your Extended Essay (EE) is a critical step in ensuring your research is presented as a formal academic paper. A well-structured table of contents can improve readability and give the reader a sense of what's to come.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">Extended Essay Table of Contents Guide</h2><h2 style="text-align:center;">&nbsp;</h2>&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Essential Formatting Tips</h3>&nbsp;To maintain a professional academic format, follow these guidelines:&nbsp;<ul><li data-list-item-id="e12a0407802b9bcf011b69cca701fd838">Mandatory page numbering – Your table of contents should clearly list page numbers for every section. Page numbers should ideally be provided in the bottom right corner of the page.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="e3c5eae108e9f933c4cb8973713509c3d">Standard academic layout – We recommend using a font size of 12 and 1.5 line spacing to assist examiners with on-screen marking.&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="e681cca0de7b68edbe79983817f008a0a">Anonymity – Do not include your name, supervisor’s name, or school name anywhere in the file, including in the table of contents. This helps ensure grading is done fairly.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">What to Include in the Table of Contents</h3>&nbsp;The table of contents should reflect the essay's overall structure. Include the following standard sections, each with relevant subsections as you see fit based on the topic of your EE:&nbsp;<ul><li data-list-item-id="ec2dfa98745941208b6b28b463d0f372c">Introduction – This section should outline the focus and line of argument of your research.&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="e1021656086853f95f8d4c0d441997d38">Body of the essay – You should use subheadings to organize your argument and help the reader navigate complex data or evidence.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="e869a5af2e57d89e42e1cf4fcc98498c4">Conclusion – This final summative section must relate directly back to your research question and explain any strengths and limitations of your investigation.&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="e7ab3f520504d97c16e99dc68adf386f4">References/Bibliography – A comprehensive list of all cited materials from primary and/or secondary sources.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Subject-Specific Considerations</h3>&nbsp;While the basic structure is used across EEs, different subjects may have unique structural requirements for the essay that should be reflected in your table of contents. Some examples are outlined here:&nbsp;<ul><li data-list-item-id="ebb31c0b53a6336102476d29bc10cef57">Sciences and Geography – These often utilize specific sections for methodology, data presentation, statistical analysis, and evaluation of strengths and weaknesses.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="eb9e55dadcfded34a88723e6041a05872">Mathematics – &nbsp;These EEs often use specific subheadings to explain complex theorems or raw data analysis through theoretical or practical approaches.&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="e7714b685e42612dca0004eb3d53020de">Language B – If your essay includes foreign language titles or quotations, ensure these are handled according to subject-specific rules (e.g. include translations where necessary), though the table of contents itself should remain in the language of registration.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Final Checks</h3>&nbsp;<ul><li data-list-item-id="efe789f9d452298a53b41ba06d4054635">Word count – Remember that the table of contents itself is not included in the final 4,000-word count.&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="e3fd13ea859443128b9a0544f6742d8ec">Appendices – If you use an appendix for supplemental data (like raw mathematics data or full interview transcripts), it should be listed in the table of contents, but be aware that examiners are not required to read it.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope this post helped you learn more about how to create an effective EE table of contents. For more useful materials associated with the IB, check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.&nbsp;

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A comprehensive guide outlining key points to include when creating the table of contents for an Extended Essay (EE). Use this when planning your essay.

Extended Essay Table of Contents Guide

Are you beginning your Extended Essay (EE) journey and wondering what the RRS is? This post is here to give you a detailed overview of the RRS so that you can effectively document your learning journey.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">What is the RRS?</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;The Researcher’s Reflection Space (RRS) is a personal learning environment designed to support your journey through the Extended Essay (EE). Think of it as your own private workspace where you can record thoughts and reflections on what you are reading and writing as you conduct research on your EE topic and structure your essay. The RRS can either be physical (e.g. notebook) or virtual (e.g. Word/Google doc file). It is not a formal piece of work that you submit for assessment, but it is quite a valuable tool for tracking your progress and developing your ideas.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">How can the RRS be used?</h3>&nbsp;The RRS should be used to record various aspects of your research process, such as:&nbsp;<ul><li data-list-item-id="e561f0a66a4ec4851e1d7e9edbcf289c2">Brainstorming – You can use the space to write down initial ideas, record questions, and establish a timeline for your work.&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="ec330267491727242e3f4a74aceac1398">Recording reactions – It is a great place to note your immediate thoughts to different sources you encounter during the research process, whether they are academic journal articles, newspaper clippings, or social media feeds, depending on the subject of your EE.&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="e86e85a841fe85277adfa77c6795bc867">Tracking academic integrity – You can use the RRS to distinguish between your own original thoughts and notes taken from others, making it much easier to cite your sources accurately later on.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="e55dfa9a83b0dd2d70f7a5da4139c6210">Preparation for supervisor meetings – Sharing excerpts from your RRS during formal reflection sessions helps you demonstrate how your thought process evolved. This can help you prove the integrity of your work in case your supervisor ever questions whether AI or other unauthorized sources were used. &nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">Tips for Using the RRS to Support Criterion E</h3>&nbsp;While the RRS is not submitted for assessment or externally marked, it is considered essential for completing the Reflection and Progress Form (RPF). The RPF requires a final 500-word reflective statement, which is assessed under Criterion E. To score well in Criterion E, your reflection must be evaluative and show personal growth. Here is how to use the RRS to make that happen:&nbsp;<ul><li data-list-item-id="e8e96896c98e569ce757f3ad97215106f">Write down challenges and solutions – Record every major obstacle you face in the RRS right when it happens, as this provides authentic evidence of your problem-solving process for your final reflection.&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="ee14af4e6194d55e02219dd2e470bdc84">Document changes in perspective – Use your RRS to track how your view of the topic evolves over time, which allows you to explain how new insights impacted your critical thinking and decision-making.&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="e13d9c215f386eae4e3096a18241dab42">Identify transferable skills – Whenever you learn a new research technique, note it in your RRS so you can clearly describe how these specific skills will help you in future university studies. This will help you develop RPF reflections that show personal growth rather than just being descriptive.&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="e11daec93161ff6af265db1a55048e065">Reflect after every supervisor session – Write a quick entry after every meeting to capture your supervisor's feedback as well as your own reactions. This will help you retain all important feedback, rather than leaving it for later and risking forgetting some of the feedback you received.&nbsp;</li><li data-list-item-id="e0ae8e41759a7b25ba93a338d1ed0ced1">Use a variety of media – Paste photos, diagrams, or links to inspiring media in your RRS to help you show the personal significance of your topic and your engagement with the project. Other media, such as mind maps can also help you organize your thoughts, which will make writing the final reflection easier</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful in learning more about the RRS. For more useful materials associated with the IB, check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.

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A detailed guide to the RRS (Researcher's Reflection Space) as part of the new IB Extended Essay (EE) syllabus. Read this guide to learn more about the RRS and how to use it to your benefit.

What is the RRS? 

The Extended Essay is a key part of the IB Core. In this post, we’ll cover everything you need to know about its importance and why it matters.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:center;">How important is the Extended Essay?&nbsp;</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;The Extended Essay is a required component of the IB Core. It is an independent research project of up to 4,000 words that allows students to investigate a topic of interest from a subject of their choice.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Why is the Extended Essay important?</h3>&nbsp;<h4>Contribution to your IB final score</h4>&nbsp;The EE contributes to the three additional core points you can earn. The table below illustrates how the EE affects your overall IB score:&nbsp;&nbsp;<figure class="table"><table><thead><tr><th>EE/TOK Grade</th><th>A</th><th>B</th><th>C</th><th>D</th><th>E</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>A</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>Fail</td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>Fail</td></tr><tr><td>C</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>Fail</td></tr><tr><td>D</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Fail</td></tr><tr><td>E</td><td>Fail</td><td>Fail</td><td>Fail</td><td>Fail</td><td>Fail</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>&nbsp;&nbsp;It is also crucial to note that failing the Extended Essay will result in an overall failure of the IB Diploma. Therefore, it is essential to perform well on your EE. To avoid this, choose a subject and topic that genuinely interest you, as the EE is a long and demanding process. Conduct thorough research to build a strong foundation, and be sure to check out our extensive collection of <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE exemplars </a>and our <a href="/review" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE review service.&nbsp;</a>&nbsp;<h4>Preparation for university-level studies</h4>&nbsp;The Extended Essay (EE) is a great way to prepare for university because it helps students get used to academic writing, which is a big part of higher education. In university, students often have to write research papers, and the EE teaches important skills like finding valuable sources, researching properly, and using references correctly. It also helps students learn how to organise complex ideas, break down large amounts of information, and build strong arguments that lead to a clear conclusion.&nbsp;<h4>Strengthening university applications&nbsp;</h4>&nbsp;The Extended Essay is also important because it’s a big project and can be mentioned in university applications. That’s why it’s a good idea to choose your subject and topic carefully, as it can help you in your personal statement or interviews. A well-chosen EE can be a great way to show your interest in the field you want to study at university. For example, if you’re applying for law, you could highlight how you wrote your History EE on the Nuremberg Trials, showing your passion for legal studies and what you learned from it. This not only proves your dedication to the subject but also gives you something meaningful to discuss in your personal statement or during your interview.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h4>Personal growth&nbsp;</h4>&nbsp;Often seen as a daunting task, this aspect of the Extended Essay is sometimes overlooked by students who feel overwhelmed by its challenges. However, it can be a highly rewarding experience. It gives students the opportunity to deeply explore a topic they are genuinely interested in and produce a well-researched, high-quality academic piece that offers meaningful insight. Completing the EE can be a fulfilling achievement, as it allows students to take pride in their work and develop valuable skills for the future.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h3>Tips on succeeding in the Extended Essay&nbsp;</h3>&nbsp;<ul><li>Choose a topic that interests you – you will be spending a considerable amount of time on the EE and hence it is best that you choose a topic that you genuinely enjoy.&nbsp; &nbsp;</li><li>Do not rush – Think through all your arguments to create a well-structured paper. &nbsp;</li><li>Formulate a clear research question – A well-defined research question will give your essay direction and make it easier to structure your arguments effectively. &nbsp;</li><li>Follow the EE criteria carefully – The IB has strict guidelines for structure, word count, and citations. Be sure to follow them carefully to avoid losing marks unnecessarily.&nbsp; &nbsp;</li><li>Write multiple drafts and revise – A well-structured and polished EE takes time; edit for clarity, coherence, and argument strength. &nbsp;</li><li>Use reliable and varied sources – A strong EE is backed by credible academic sources, so ensure you use books, journal articles, and reputable websites.&nbsp; &nbsp;</li><li>Look at exemplars – Reviewing high-scoring Extended Essays will give you a clear understanding of what is required by the IB. For that, check out our plethora of <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE sample essays</a>. &nbsp;</li><li>Seek feedback – If you want to take your EE to the next level and ensure you score high, consider using our <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">review service</a> that provides detailed, constructive feedback and specific tips for improvement.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We hope you found this post helpful. For more useful materials associated with the IB check out the wide variety of <a href="/ia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IA</a>, <a href="/ee" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EE </a>and <a href="/tok" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TOK </a>exemplars available at <a href="/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clastify </a>and other guides available on our <a href="/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">blog</a>.&nbsp;

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Learn about how important the Extended Essay truly is. Learn how the EE may impact your final IB score, university applications, university-level studies, as well as tips on succeeding in the EE. 

How important is the Extended Essay?

Comprehensive guidance for the Extended Essay, covering research questions, structure, reflections, formatting, and how to score highly.

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