B. Biomechanics
Biomechanics applies principles of physics and anatomy to human movement. Rather than simply describing how someone runs, jumps, throws, or strikes an object, biomechanics allows you to analyze why a movement occurs, what forces are involved, and how technique could be made more efficient, effective, or safe .
This topic focuses on the anatomical and mechanical structures that allow the human body to produce movement.
This topic applies mechanical principles more directly to sporting movement.
Newton's Laws of Motion
You will use Newtonian mechanics to explain linear and angular motion . Areas include:
- Speed
- Velocity
- Acceleration
- Force
- Weight
- Momentum
- Impulse
- Stability
- Centre of mass
- Base of support
- Angular motion
For example, you will consider why applying a greater impulse produces a greater change in momentum and how changes in body position influence stability. At HL, you will extend this understanding through ideas including:
- Collisions
- Coefficient of restitution
- Friction
- Work
- Power
This topic examines why musculoskeletal injuries occur and how their likelihood and consequences can be reduced.
Anatomical position, planes and movement
The human skeleton is divided into an axial component and an appendicular component.
Structure and function of connective tissues and joints
The structure of connective tissues and joints are related to their function in enabling movement.
Muscular function
The body uses different types of muscular contractions to create movement and stability.
Levers in movement and sport
Three different classes of levers, both within and outside the human body, work to create movements.
Newton’s laws of motion
Linear and angular motion can be analysed using Newton's laws of motion.
Fluid mechanics
The path of a projectile through air is determined by different factors and forces.
Movement analysis and its applications
A phases-of-movement approach is used to break down and describe movements.
Causes of injury
The complex interaction of internal and external risk factors can predispose and make an individual susceptible to injury.
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