Syllabus concepts to know

• 3.3.1 Arguments for species and habitat preservation can be based on aesthetic, ecological, economic, ethical and social justifications.
• 3.3.2 Species-based conservation tends to involve ex situ strategies, and habitat-based conservation tends to involve in situ strategies.
• 3.3.3 Sometimes a mixed conservation approach is adopted, where both habitat and particular species are considered.
• 3.3.4 The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a UN treaty addressing both species-based and habitat-based conservation.
• 3.3.5 Habitat conservation strategies protect species by conservation of their natural environment.
• 3.3.6 Effective conservation of biodiversity in nature reserves and national parks depends on an understanding of the biology of target species and on the effect of the size and shape of conservation areas.
• 3.3.7 Natural processes in ecosystems can be regenerated by rewilding.
• 3.3.8 Conservation and regeneration measures can be used to reverse the decline in biodiversity to ensure a safe operating space for humanity within the biodiversity planetary boundary.
• 3.3.9 Environmental perspectives and value systems can impact the choice of conservation strategies selected by a society.
• 3.3.10 Success in conserving and restoring biodiversity by international, governmental and non- governmental organizations depends on their use of media, speed of response, diplomatic constraints, financial resources and political influence.
• 3.3.11 Positive feedback loops that enhance biodiversity and promote ecosystem equilibrium can be triggered by rewilding and habitat restoration efforts.
• 3.3.12 Rewilding projects have both benefits and limitations.
• 3.3.13 The success of conservation or regeneration measures needs to be assessed.
• 3.3.14 Ecotourism can increase interdependence of local communities and increase biodiversity by generating income and providing funds for protecting areas, but there can also be negative societal and ecological impacts.