Syllabus concepts to know

• D4.3.1 Anthropogenic causes of climate change
• D4.3.2 Positive feedback cycles in global warming
• D4.3.3 Change from net carbon accumulation to net loss in boreal forests as an example of a tipping point
• D4.3.4 Melting of landfast ice and sea ice as examples of polar habitat change
• D4.3.5 Changes in ocean currents altering the timing and extent of nutrient upwelling
• D4.3.6 Poleward and upslope range shifts of temperate species
• D4.3.7 Threats to coral reefs as an example of potential ecosystem collapse
• D4.3.8 Afforestation, forest regeneration and restoration of peat-forming wetlands as approaches to carbon sequestration
• D4.3.9 Phenology as research into the timing of biological events (HL)
• D4.3.10 Disruption to the synchrony of phenological events by climate change (HL)
• D4.3.11 Increases to the number of insect life cycles within a year due to climate change (HL)
• D4.3.12 Evolution as a consequence of climate change (HL)