Syllabus concepts to know

• D1.3.1 Gene mutations as structural changes to genes at the molecular level
• D1.3.2 Consequences of base substitutions
• D1.3.3 Consequences of insertions and deletions
• D1.3.4 Causes of gene mutation
• D1.3.5 Randomness in mutation
• D1.3.6 Consequences of mutation in germ cells and somatic cells
• D1.3.7 Mutation as a source of genetic variation
• D1.3.8 Gene knockout as a technique for investigating the function of a gene by changing it to make it inoperative (HL)
• D1.3.9 Use of the CRISPR sequences and the enzyme Cas9 in gene editing (HL)
• D1.3.10 Hypotheses to account for conserved or highly conserved sequences in genes (HL)