Question 1
Refer to the map, which illustrates spatial variations in the intensity of an earthquake hazard.
I.
Identify the country in which the epicentre lies.
[1]
II.
Identify which location has the higher mapped shaking intensity: Antakya or Mersin.
[1]
Outline one reason why local ground conditions can cause variations in earthquake shaking intensity.
[2]
Explain how two characteristics of the earthquake event shown in the map can influence impacts on people's physical health.
[6]
Question 2
Refer to the map, which illustrates differences in earthquake shaking experienced by settlements.
I.
State the mapped shaking-intensity category at Gaziantep.
[1]
II.
Identify which location has the higher mapped shaking intensity: Aleppo or Adana.
[1]
Outline one way in which earthquake damage to healthcare services can worsen human well-being.
[2]
I.
Explain how the location of housing can cause earthquake vulnerability to vary within a community.
[3]
II.
Explain how the time of day at which an earthquake occurs can influence its impacts on a community.
[3]
Question 3
Refer to the map, which illustrates the geographical spread of a secondary earthquake hazard.
I.
Identify the country off whose coast the earthquake rupture, marked by white stars, lies.
[1]
II.
Identify which island was reached first by the tsunami: Sri Lanka or Madagascar.
[1]
Outline one way in which tsunami damage to housing can affect human well-being.
[2]
Explain two reasons why perceptions of earthquake risk may differ between neighbourhoods within a community.
[6]
Question 4
Refer to the map, which illustrates variations in the estimated tsunami travel time from the earthquake source to coastal communities. The labelled travel-time contour values are in hours.
I.
State the value of the lowest labelled travel-time contour on the map.
[1]
II.
Estimate the tsunami travel time, in hours, to the coast of Somalia.
[1]
Outline one way in which a longer tsunami travel time can help reduce losses in a coastal community.
[2]
I.
Explain how the rapid onset of a mass movement hazard can increase loss of life.
[3]
II.
Explain one way in which prolonged displacement following a mass movement hazard can affect psychological well-being.
[3]
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Question 5
To what extent can earthquakes of similar magnitude have different impacts on human well-being? Refer to two contrasting case studies.
[10]
Question 6
Examine why the impacts on livelihoods can persist after a geophysical hazard event has ended. Refer to two contrasting case studies of one hazard type.
[10]
Question 7
To what extent does a slow onset limit the impacts of mass movement hazards on human well-being? Refer to two contrasting case studies.
[10]
Question 8
Examine how secondary hazards can extend the impacts of volcanic events beyond the time and place of the initial eruption.
[10]
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Question 9
To what extent does greater personal knowledge of geophysical hazards always lead to lower vulnerability within a community?
[10]
Question 10
Examine why the groups of people most severely affected by a geophysical hazard can change over time following the event.
[10]
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