Describe the extent to which human behaviour may be influenced by genetic inheritance, using one example.

Describe the interaction of environmental factors and genetics in the diathesis-stress model, with reference to an example.

Describe one limitation of biological reductionism, illustrated by an example of human behaviour.

Explain how the process of neurotransmission can influence human behaviour. Illustrate your answer with an example.

Using an example, explain one strength of biological reductionism in the study of behaviour.

Using one chemical messenger as an example, explain how chemical signalling can influence human behaviour.

Context: Health and well-being

Leila has an inherited vulnerability to psychological difficulties but has experienced no persistent problems. After several months of financial uncertainty and caring for an ill relative, she begins to experience difficulties that interfere with daily life. Her brother argues that these difficulties were inevitable because of her inherited vulnerability.

Apply the diathesis-stress model to Leila's situation.

Context: Human relationships

When Mateo joins a community group, he rarely starts conversations. After several weeks of friendly exchanges, he begins seeking out other members and arranging to meet them outside the group. A psychologist proposes that chemical messengers may contribute to this change.

Suggest how one chemical messenger could contribute to Mateo's behaviour.

Context: Human development

As a young child, Arun was reluctant to approach unfamiliar people. His biological father recalls behaving similarly during childhood, although he did not live with Arun. As Arun grows older, encouragement from his carers and positive experiences with other children help him become more willing to meet new people.

Explain how genetic inheritance could contribute to Arun's development without making his behaviour unchangeable.