Question 1
Refer to the diagram illustrating plate movement at a convergent margin.
I.
Identify the plate that descends beneath the other plate.
[1]
II.
State the direction of movement indicated by the yellow arrows along the descending slab.
[1]
Outline one reason why oceanic lithosphere can descend into the mantle at this type of plate margin.
[2]
I.
Explain how rifting can lead to the formation of new oceanic crust.
[3]
II.
Explain how an earthquake can generate a tsunami.
[3]
Question 2
Refer to the diagram illustrating the relationship between subduction and magma beneath a volcanic arc.
Describe the position of the magma bodies relative to the descending slab.
[2]
Outline one reason why magma is generated above a subducting slab.
[2]
Explain two ways in which human activities can trigger earthquakes.
[6]
Question 3
Refer to the diagram illustrating pathways through which magma reaches the surface.
I.
State the position of the large underground magma reservoir relative to the volcanic cone.
[1]
II.
Identify one visible difference between the eruptions at the summit outlet and the flank outlet.
[1]
Outline one reason why a composite volcano may erupt explosively.
[2]
Explain how volcanic activity can generate two different secondary hazards.
[6]
Question 4
Refer to the diagram illustrating the construction of a volcanic cone by successive deposits.
State two characteristics of the arrangement of the layers forming the volcanic cone.
[2]
Outline one reason why magma may reach the surface through an outlet on the flank of a volcano.
[2]
Explain two physical factors, other than volcanic activity, that can cause mass movements.
[6]
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Question 5
To what extent do contrasting eruption styles account for differences between shield, composite and cinder volcanoes?
[10]
Question 6
To what extent does depth of focus determine the severity of earthquake ground shaking?
[10]
Question 7
To what extent can plate movement be explained by mantle convection currents alone?
[10]
Question 8
Examine why earthquakes of similar magnitude can generate different secondary hazards.
[10]
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Question 9
Evaluate the usefulness of liquidity and speed of onset for classifying mass movement events.
[10]
Question 10
Examine why mass movement events of the same type can differ in duration, extent and frequency.
[10]
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