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Question 1
A badminton player performs repeated maximal court sprints with very short recovery intervals. Which change in fuel availability most directly limits rapid ATP resynthesis through the ATP-PC / phosphagen system?
A.
Depletion of liver glycogen
B.
Depletion of muscle phosphocreatine
C.
Depletion of muscle glycogen
D.
Depletion of blood glucose
Question 2
Which changes can contribute to fatigue in a cyclist during repeated high-intensity efforts?
I. Disruption of sodium and potassium ion concentration differences across muscle cell membranes
II. A decrease in muscle pH
III. Accumulation of inorganic phosphate in muscle
A.
I and II only
B.
I and III only
C.
II and III only
D.
I, II and III
Question 3
During a prolonged treadmill run at a constant speed, a runner becomes dehydrated and plasma volume falls. Which changes would initially be expected as the cardiovascular system compensates?
The changes are listed in the order: stroke volume / heart rate.
A.
Decrease / increase
B.
Increase / decrease
C.
Decrease / decrease
D.
Increase / increase
Question 4
A field hockey player completes a prolonged, high-intensity training session and has another session later that day. Fluid losses have already been replaced. Which nutritional strategy most directly addresses both glycogen restoration and muscle protein repair?
A.
Consume protein with additional water.
B.
Consume carbohydrate with protein.
C.
Consume carbohydrate with additional water.
D.
Consume creatine monohydrate with protein.
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Question 5
After a demanding wrestling session, an athlete's blood lactate concentration returns to its resting level and muscle soreness decreases. However, the athlete still reports feeling unprepared for another demanding session. Which conclusion is best supported?
A.
Physiological recovery is complete because blood lactate has returned to its resting level.
B.
Readiness is restored because reduced soreness outweighs the athlete's reported preparedness.
C.
Some recovery indicators have improved, but full readiness has not been established.
D.
Recovery has not begun because psychological preparedness remains below its usual level.
Question 6
Researchers investigated recovery following a demanding field hockey training session. Twenty-four players were randomly allocated to two equal groups. One group wore lower-body compression garments for three hours after training; the other rested without compression garments for the same period.
Twenty-four hours after training, players rated their muscle soreness using a standardized scale from 0 (no soreness) to 10 (extreme soreness). They then completed six maximal 20 m sprints with standardized recovery intervals. Table 1 shows the results.
Recovery outcomes 24 hours after field hockey training.
| Group | Soreness mean | Soreness SD | Six-sprint time mean / s | Six-sprint time SD / s | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compression garments | 12 | 3.0 | 1.1 | 24.0 | 1.2 |
| Rest control | 12 | 5.0 | 1.3 | 24.2 | 1.3 |
Interpret the results in Table 1 in relation to recovery.
[3]
Food intake was not standardized. Dietary records indicated that the compression-garment group consumed more carbohydrate during recovery. Explain how this difference could have affected the subsequent sprint results.
[2]
Evaluate the reliability of using the soreness scale in this investigation.
[2]
Question 7
An athlete completes repeated uphill running efforts with short recovery intervals on a hot day. The athlete's running speed decreases during the session. Figure 1 shows some changes that may contribute to this fatigue. The boxes are not yet connected.
Outline how phosphocreatine depletion could contribute to the athlete's decreasing running speed.
[1]
On Figure 1, draw one arrow linking dehydration to its immediate cardiovascular consequence.
[1]
Outline the different contributions of muscle glycogen depletion and liver glycogen depletion to fatigue in this athlete.
[2]
Outline how dehydration can impair the delivery of oxygenated blood to the athlete's working muscles. Use section 3 in the data booklet.
[2]
The athlete finishes the session feeling overheated. Suggest one reason why a hot bath would be an inappropriate immediate recovery technique.
[1]
Explain two ways in which changes in the muscle's chemical environment could reduce force production during the session.
[2]
Discuss the use of water alone to support the athlete's recovery before another demanding session the following morning.
[2]
Question 8
A squash player uses a recovery-monitoring application after a day of tournament matches. The player has another match the following afternoon. Figure 1 shows the application's morning recovery screen.
Describe what the physiological, symptomatic and psychological indicators in Figure 1 suggest about the player's recovery.
[3]
Outline how the player could use self-myofascial release as a recovery technique.
[2]
The player lost fluid through sweating and ate little between matches. Explain three nutritional priorities for recovery before the next match.
[3]
Describe how sleep quality and sleep quantity should be considered when planning the player's recovery during the tournament.
[3]
Evaluate the use of cold-water immersion immediately after matches as a recovery technique for this player.
[3]
For the next tournament, the player will travel across several time zones. Outline two adjustments to sleep habits that could support recovery after the journey.
[2]
Explain how regular creatine monohydrate supplementation could help the player sustain repeated explosive efforts.
[2]
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