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Question 1
Describe the use of the emic approach in researching human behaviour, with reference to one example.
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Question 2
With reference to one example, describe the role of one cultural dimension in understanding cross-cultural differences in behaviour.
[4]
Question 3
Explain how one cultural dimension can help us understand a cross-cultural similarity in behaviour. Give one relevant example.
[4]
Question 4
Explain why a shared framework is important when using the etic approach to research human behaviour. Illustrate your answer with one example.
[4]
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Question 5
Context: Health and well-being
A health organization wants to compare willingness to seek help for emotional difficulties in three cultural communities. Its questionnaire asks about contacting a professional, but community advisers point out that some residents usually seek help from relatives or community members. The organization wants its comparison to address willingness to seek help rather than only the use of professional services.
Apply your knowledge of the etic approach to how the organization could make this comparison.
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Question 6
Context: Human relationships
A community centre wants to understand disagreements between friends about lending personal possessions. Some members say that refusing a request is unkind, while others say that a close friend should respect a refusal. The centre asks a psychologist to investigate what these expectations mean to members of the community.
Suggest how the psychologist could use the emic approach to investigate these disagreements.
[6]
Question 7
Context: Human development
At a youth centre serving two cultural communities, advisers notice different expectations about teenagers choosing activities. Some families encourage teenagers to decide according to their own interests, while others expect them to consider family responsibilities first. Teenagers in both communities sometimes make choices that differ from their families’ expectations.
Apply your knowledge of one cultural dimension to understanding these expectations and choices.
[6]
Question 8
Context: Learning and cognition
An education team plans to compare participation in classroom learning across two cultural communities. It will use the same classroom task and record how often each learner speaks without being invited. Teachers in one community point out that learners are encouraged to wait until they are invited to speak and may participate by listening carefully.
Analyse the use of the etic approach in this planned comparison.
[6]
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Question 9
In the context of health and well-being, evaluate the use of the emic approach to address bias in researching mental health problems.
[15]
Question 10
With reference to learning and cognition, examine the role of measurement in using the etic approach to research one cognitive process across cultures.
[15]
Question 11
To what extent can one or more cultural dimensions explain cross-cultural differences in personal relationships? Refer to causality in your answer.
[15]
Question 12
In the context of human development, discuss how perspective influences the use of one or more cultural dimensions to understand cross-cultural similarities in the development of identity.
[15]
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