5.1
Bias
Cognitive biases, Research bias, Sampling, Gender and culture, Credibility, Reflexivity
5.2
Causality
Agency, Interaction, Complexity, Controls, Validity, Correlation and causation, Reductionism
5.3
Change
Agency, Determinism, Development, Treatment effectiveness, Strategies for change, Research designs, Prevalence, Barriers
5.4
Measurement
Research timing, Content analysis, Brain imaging, Statistical significance, Data types, Operationalization, Method choice
5.5
Perspective
Alternative explanations, Indigenous perspectives, Emic and etic approaches, Deduction and induction, Theories and models, Psychological approaches
5.6
Responsibility
Ethical standards, Participant protection, Social sensitivity, Publication, Advocacy
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