Two emergency call stations are located at and on a coordinate map. A Voronoi edge between their service regions lies on the perpendicular bisector of .
Find the midpoint of and the gradient of .
Find the equation of the Voronoi edge in the form , where .
State the relationship between the distances from a point on this edge to and to .
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Two health clinics are located at and . Their service regions are separated by a Voronoi edge.
Determine the equation of the Voronoi edge.
house is located at . State which clinic is nearer to the house and justify your answer.
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A Voronoi diagram shows three bicycle repair stations , and . Point lies inside the cell containing , point lies on the edge separating the cells of and , and point is a vertex where the three cells meet. The displayed edges are portions of unbounded rays and continue beyond the boundary of the plotting window.

State the repair station nearest to .
Describe the relationship between the distances and .
Describe the relationship between , and .
State what a Voronoi cell represents in this context.
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Three weather stations have coordinates and recorded rainfall as shown.
| Station | Coordinates | Rainfall (mm) |
|---|---|---|
Nearest-neighbour interpolation is used to estimate rainfall at .
Calculate the distance from to each weather station.
Estimate the rainfall at .
State one limitation of using nearest-neighbour interpolation in this context.
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A rectangular nature reserve is modelled by and , where one unit represents . Monitoring sites are located at , and . Within the reserve, the Voronoi cell of is bounded by the reserve boundary and the perpendicular bisectors of and .
Find the equations of the perpendicular bisectors of and .
Describe the cell containing using inequalities.
Calculate the area of the cell containing .
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A regional authority must locate a waste facility as far as possible from its nearest protected habitat. Two candidate Voronoi vertices are and . The nearest habitat to is at , and the nearest habitat to is at .
Calculate the distance from to its nearest habitat.
Calculate the distance from to its nearest habitat.
Determine which candidate should be selected.
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Two delivery depots are located at and . A new depot is added at . Two sides of the new Voronoi cell lie on the perpendicular bisectors of and .
Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of .
Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of .
Find the point of intersection of these two perpendicular bisectors.
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A Voronoi edge separating two sites and has equation . Site has coordinates .
Find the equation of the line through and .
Find the midpoint of .
Find the coordinates of site .
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A bounded Voronoi cell for a wildlife monitoring station has vertices , , , and , listed in order around the cell. One coordinate unit represents . The estimated animal density throughout the cell is animals per square kilometre.

Calculate the area of the Voronoi cell.
Estimate the number of animals in this cell.
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Existing service centres are located at and . A new centre is added at . Its new Voronoi cell is determined in part by the perpendicular bisectors of and .
Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of .
Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of .
Determine whether belongs to the new centre's Voronoi cell. Justify your answer.
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A proposed facility must maximize its distance from the nearest settlement. The only candidate locations are Voronoi vertices , and . A nearest settlement to each vertex is respectively , and .
Calculate the nearest-settlement distance for each candidate.
Determine where the facility should be located.
Explain why the distance to the nearest settlement, rather than the distance to every settlement, is used for this decision.
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Air-quality sensors , and record pollution indices , and , respectively. Nearest-neighbour interpolation is used along the horizontal route , for .
Find the two points on the route where the nearest-neighbour estimate changes.
Write down the nearest-neighbour estimate along the route, excluding the two boundary points.
Calculate the mean estimated pollution index over the whole route.
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Three communication towers are located at , and . A Voronoi vertex is equidistant from all three towers.
Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of .
Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of .
Determine the coordinates of .
Calculate the common distance from to the three towers.
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The Voronoi edge separating sites and has equation . Site is located at .
Find the equation of the line containing and .
Find the midpoint of .
Find the coordinates of .
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Four sites are located at , , and . The perpendicular bisector of is the line . Only part of this line is a Voronoi edge because sites and cut it off.
For a point , write expressions for , and .
Find the values of for which is no farther from and than it is from either or .
State the Voronoi edge shared by the cells of and .
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An existing Voronoi diagram has sites , and . Its three cells meet at . A new site is added at the point .
Verify that is equidistant from , and .
Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the segment joining the new site to .
Explain which of the three existing Voronoi cells are affected by adding the new site.
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Two mobile libraries are located at and . The boundary between their service regions is the perpendicular bisector of . A second straight line has equation .

Find the midpoint of and the gradient of .
Hence find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of , giving your answer in the form , where , and are integers.
Find the coordinates of the intersection point of the two lines.
resident lives at . Determine which of or is closer to . Justify your answer using distances.
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Three soil-moisture stations have the following coordinates and readings. Nearest-neighbour interpolation is used along the path , for .
| Station | Coordinates | Moisture index |
|---|---|---|

Find the value of at which the line meets the perpendicular bisector of , and state whether this point lies on the specified path.
Find the value of where the path crosses the perpendicular bisector of .
Write down the nearest-neighbour moisture estimate along each section of the path, excluding boundary points.
Calculate the mean estimated moisture index along the path.
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A square wildlife reserve is modelled by and , where one unit represents . A ranger station is at . Its neighbouring stations are at , and .

Find the perpendicular bisectors of , and .
Write inequalities describing the Voronoi cell containing .
Calculate the area of the cell containing .
The estimated animal density throughout this cell is animals per square kilometre. Estimate the number of animals in the cell.
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A regional authority must locate a hazardous-material store as far as possible from its nearest conservation site. Three candidate locations are , and . The nearest conservation sites to these locations are , and , respectively.

Calculate the distance from each candidate vertex to its nearest conservation site.
Identify all candidates that maximize the distance to the nearest conservation site.
The river is represented by . Of the optimal candidates, determine which is farther from the river.
Explain why candidate locations, rather than the conservation sites, are considered as possible locations.
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A bounded Voronoi cell for a rainfall gauge has vertices , , , and , listed in order. One coordinate unit represents . The gauge records rainfall of .

Use the shoelace formula to calculate the area of the cell.
State the rainfall estimate at every point strictly inside this cell when nearest-neighbour interpolation is used.
Estimate the total volume of rainfall falling on the cell, in cubic metres.
State one limitation of this estimate.
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Four marine monitoring stations have Voronoi-cell areas and recorded water temperatures as shown. Nearest-neighbour interpolation assigns each point in a cell the temperature at its station.
Station | Voronoi-cell area / | Recorded temperature / |
|---|---|---|
A | 18 | 14 |
B | 25 | 17 |
C | 31 | 20 |
D | 26 | 16 |
Verify that the total surveyed area is .
Calculate the area-weighted mean estimated temperature.
station with temperature has its cell reduced from to when a new station is added. State the area transferred from the old cell.
Discuss one limitation of nearest-neighbour interpolation for estimating sea temperature.
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Four charging stations are located at , , and . A fifth station is added at .

Find the equations of the perpendicular bisectors between and each of the four existing stations.
Read the four vertices of the Voronoi cell containing from the diagram.
Calculate the area of the new station's Voronoi cell.
Explain why all four original cells lose the same area when is added.
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A Voronoi edge between two archaeological survey sites has equation . One of the sites is , and the other site is .

Find the equation of the line containing and .
Find the midpoint of .
Hence find the coordinates of .
Determine whether is closer to than to .
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Three flood-response hubs are located at , and . Their Voronoi cells meet at a vertex .

Find the equations of the perpendicular bisectors of and .
Hence find the coordinates of .
Calculate the common distance from to the three hubs.
An incident occurs at . Determine the nearest response hub.
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Three protected nesting sites are located at , and . A candidate wind turbine location is the Voronoi vertex equidistant from these sites. A second candidate has nearest-site distance units.

Find the equations of the perpendicular bisectors of and .
Hence find the coordinates of .
Calculate the nearest-site distance at .
Determine which candidate should be chosen to maximize the distance from the nearest nesting site. Justify your answer.
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A rectangular agricultural district has area and is divided into three regions, one associated with each sensor. The region associated with sensor has vertices , , , and , listed in order. The region associated with sensor has area . Sensors , and record crop indices , and , respectively. For this question, each region is assigned the crop index recorded by its associated sensor.

Calculate the area of the region associated with .
Hence find the area of the region associated with .
Using this constant-per-region interpolation, calculate the mean estimated crop index over the district.
Explain why this model produces sudden changes in the estimated crop index at boundaries between regions.
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A chemical-storage facility must be placed as far as possible from its nearest residential area. Candidate is the intersection of the lines and . Two other candidates are and . Nearest residential sites to , and are , and , respectively.

Find the coordinates of .
Calculate the nearest-residential-site distance for each candidate.
Determine the preferred candidate using the maximin criterion.
Candidate is later excluded because it lies in a flood zone. Determine the next preferred candidate and explain why.
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A rectangular forest is modelled by and , where one coordinate unit represents . Ranger stations are located at , and . Nearest-station regions are modelled using a Voronoi diagram.

Find the equations of the perpendicular bisectors of and .
Hence find the Voronoi vertex and its distance from each station.
The cell containing is bounded by , , and . Calculate its area.
hiker is at . Determine the station assigned to the hiker and justify your answer.
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Initially, sensors , and are at positions , and and record moisture indices , and , respectively. Nearest-neighbour interpolation is used along the channel. The data for sensor , to be installed in part b, are shown in the table but are not used initially.
Sensor or boundary | Position x [km] | Moisture index |
|---|---|---|
A | 0 | 12 |
B | 7 | 20 |
N (part b) | 9 | 16 |
C | 13 | 8 |
Channel end | 16 | Not applicable |
Find the positions where the nearest-neighbour estimate changes.
Calculate the mean estimated moisture index over the whole channel.
new sensor is installed at and records an index of . Find the interval assigned to .
Show that adding does not change the mean estimated index over the channel.
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Four emergency beacons are located at the corners , , and of a square region. A fifth beacon is added at .

Find the perpendicular bisectors of and .
Using symmetry, write down the other two boundaries of the cell containing .
Find the vertices and area of the cell containing .
State which original cells are changed when is added, and explain why.
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A conservation authority must locate a chemical-storage site as far as possible from the nearest protected habitat. Three internal Voronoi vertices are , and . The protected habitat points considered are , and . For each candidate, the nearest-habitat distance is the distance to the closest of these three points.

Calculate the nearest-habitat distance for each candidate.
Determine the preferred location under the authority's criterion.
restricted zone is the circle with centre and radius . Determine whether the preferred location is permitted.
The remaining candidates are and . The authority chooses the candidate with the greater nearest-habitat distance; if tied, it chooses the tied candidate nearer the entrance at . Determine the final location.
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The bounded Voronoi cell of an ecological sampling site has vertices , , , and , listed in order. One coordinate unit represents . Nearest-neighbour interpolation assigns a density of nesting pairs per square kilometre throughout the cell.

Calculate the area of the cell.
Estimate the number of nesting pairs in the cell.
new site removes from this cell. Calculate the revised estimate, assuming the density assigned to the remaining cell is unchanged.
Explain why the estimate of should not be interpreted as an exact count.
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Disease-monitoring sites are at , and and record infection indices , and , respectively. Their Voronoi cells meet at .

Find the coordinates of .
Verify that is equidistant from the three sites.
Explain why nearest-neighbour interpolation does not give a unique infection index at .
researcher assigns the arithmetic mean of tied readings at a Voronoi vertex. Find the assigned index and discuss whether this remains nearest-neighbour interpolation.
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A noise-generating facility must be positioned as far as possible from the nearest residential site. Three admissible internal Voronoi vertices and their distances to the nearest residence are shown in the table.
Vertex | Coordinates | Nearest-residence distance [km] |
|---|---|---|
P | (3, 8) | 5.40 |
Q | (9, 7) | 6.10 |
R | (6, 12) | 6.10 |
Identify all candidates that maximize the distance to the nearest residence.
power connection is at . Determine which maximizing candidate is nearer the connection.
State the final choice if distance from residences is the primary criterion and connection distance is used only to break a tie.
Explain why choosing the point with the greatest average distance from all residences could give a different result.
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A missing rescue post has a Voronoi edge with post on the line . It also has a Voronoi edge with post on the line .

Use the edge to determine .
Verify that is the perpendicular bisector of .
Point lies between the two given edges. Determine whether is nearer to than to both and .
Explain why the full lines and need not both appear as complete edges in the final Voronoi diagram.
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A research station has neighbouring stations , , and . Its Voronoi cell is bounded by the perpendicular bisectors between and these four sites.

Show that the cell containing is described by the inequalities
Find the coordinates of the four vertices of the cell.
Calculate the area of the Voronoi cell.
sample point is chosen uniformly from the rectangle , . Find the probability that it lies in the cell containing .
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Two existing data centres are at and . A third centre is placed at , where . The perpendicular bisectors of and meet at .

Show that the coordinates of are
Find the values of for which lies on the line .
Find the value of for which the distance from to is minimized.
Calculate this minimum distance.
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A rectangular delivery region is modelled by and . Existing depots are at , and . A new depot is added at .

Find inequalities representing points that are at least as close to as to each of , and .
Find the vertices of the new Voronoi cell after it is clipped by the rectangular boundary.
Calculate the area of the new Voronoi cell.
customer is chosen uniformly at random from the delivery region. Find the probability that the new depot is the customer's nearest depot.
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The Voronoi edge between an unknown monitoring site and site has equation . The edge between and site is claimed to have equation .

Find the equation of the line containing and .
Hence find the coordinates of .
Verify that is the perpendicular bisector of .
Find the vertex where the two stated Voronoi edges intersect.
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Two ferry terminals are at and . Their ordinary Euclidean Voronoi edge crosses a straight coastal road with equation . A passenger terminal is proposed at .

Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of .
Find the point where this edge crosses the coastal road.
Using Euclidean distance, determine which ferry terminal is nearer to .
The road network requires passengers to travel only horizontally or vertically. Under this rule, the travel distances from to and are and , respectively. Determine the nearer terminal and evaluate the suitability of the Euclidean Voronoi model.
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A Voronoi edge separating archaeological survey sites and lies on . Site is located at .

Find the coordinates of the midpoint of .
Hence determine the coordinates of .
Determine which of and is closer to .
Explain why reflecting in the line containing the Voronoi edge produces .
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A city compares ordinary Euclidean distance with Manhattan distance, defined by . Two depots are at and .

On the line , find the point equidistant from and using Manhattan distance.
On the line , find the point equidistant from and using Manhattan distance.
For , compare its assignments under Manhattan and Euclidean distance.
Explain why the two metrics can produce different Voronoi cells in this context.
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Two coastal transmitters are located at and . A third transmitter is located at , where . The three Voronoi cells meet at .
Feature | Data | Note |
|---|---|---|
A | (0,0) | fixed transmitter |
B | (12,0) | fixed transmitter |
Midpoint of AB | (6,0) | halfway between A and B |
N | (6,t), t > 0 | third transmitter |
V | equidistant from A, B and N | Voronoi vertex |
Coastal region condition | 6 ≤ t ≤ 12 | used in part (c) |
Explain why has -coordinate .
Show that .
Determine the values of for which lies on or above the -axis.
The coastal region requires . Determine the greatest possible common distance from to the three transmitters.
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Delivery hubs are located at , and . A vehicle travels east along the horizontal road from to at constant speed.

Find the perpendicular bisectors of and .
Show that the length of road inside the cell of is , assuming the road intersects both boundaries of the cell of within ; equivalently, .
The vehicle spends of its journey in the cell of . Determine .
Explain why the percentage of travel time equals the percentage of route length in this model.
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Warehouses are located at the corners , , and of a rectangular industrial zone. A new warehouse is added at .

Find the perpendicular bisectors of and .
Write inequalities describing the side of each boundary containing .
Determine whether can belong to the new cell by testing these two inequalities.
Explain why satisfying only these two inequalities is insufficient to prove that is in the cell of .
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At an unsampled location , the nearest environmental station is , with reading . If is inserted as a temporary site, it takes fractions , and of its new cell from stations , and , whose readings are , and . A natural-neighbour estimate uses these fractions as weights.

Verify that the three fractions form valid interpolation weights.
Calculate the natural-neighbour estimate at .
State the nearest-neighbour estimate at and compare it with the natural-neighbour estimate.
Explain why natural-neighbour interpolation can produce a smoother model than nearest-neighbour interpolation.
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A fixed communications site is at . A second site moves along the line and has coordinates , where . The perpendicular bisector of meets the positive -axis at .

Show that the perpendicular bisector has equation .
Hence show that the -coordinate of is .
Determine the value of for which is closest to the origin.
Find the minimum possible distance and interpret this result in terms of the moving site.
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