The points and have position vectors
Find and .
Find a unit vector in the direction from to .
The point lies on such that . Find the coordinates of .
0
The line passes through the points and .
Find a vector equation of .
Write in Cartesian form.
Determine whether the point lies on .
0
The points and have coordinates and . A point lies on the ray from through , and .
Find and .
Find the unit vector in the direction of .
Find the coordinates of .
0
Consider the lines
State why and are parallel or coincident.
Find the value of for which and are coincident.
Determine the relationship between and when .
0
Let
Given that is perpendicular to , find .
For this value of , let be the angle between and . Find the exact value of .
0
Two particles and move in three dimensions. At time seconds, their position vectors are
where .
Find the speed of each particle.
Determine whether the particles collide. If they do, find the time of collision.
0
Let
Find .
Find the area of the parallelogram with adjacent sides represented by and .
The points , and are such that and . Find the area of triangle .
0
The line and plane are given by
Find the point of intersection of and .
Let be the acute angle between and . Find the exact value of .
0
The plane and line are given by
Find the value of for which the direction of is parallel to .
For this value of , determine whether lies in or is parallel and distinct from .
0
Let
where . The angle between and is radians.
Write down in terms of .
Find the value of .
0
The line passes through the points and . The line has equation
Find a vector equation for .
Write in Cartesian form.
Find the acute angle between and .
0
The lines and are given by
Show that, if the lines intersect, then .
Find the value of for which the lines intersect.
Find the point of intersection when .
0
The points , and have coordinates , and .

Find .
Find the area of triangle .
Find a unit vector perpendicular to the plane containing , and .
0
A plane has vector equation
The point lies on .
Find a normal vector to .
Find the Cartesian equation of .
Find .
0
The line and plane are given by
Find the point where intersects .
Find the acute angle between and .
0
Consider the lines
where .
Show that the two direction vectors are not parallel.
Find the value of for which and intersect.
State the relationship between and when .
0
The plane passes through the points , and .
Find two non-parallel direction vectors in .
Find a normal vector to .
Hence find a Cartesian equation of .
0
The planes and are given by
where . The acute angle between the planes is .
Determine the value of .
0
The line has equation
The point has coordinates . A plane contains and the point .
Find a vector in which is not parallel to .
Find a normal vector to .
Hence find a Cartesian equation of .
0
The planes and are given by
The planes intersect in the line .
Find a direction vector for .
Find one point on .
Hence write a vector equation of .
0
Two drones, and , move in straight lines. Their position vectors, in kilometres, hours after 09:00 are
where .
Drone | Initial position vector / km | Velocity vector / |
|---|---|---|
A | ||
B |
Find in terms of .
Find the minimum distance between the drones during this time interval.
0
The planes and are given by
where . The acute angle between the planes is radians.
Write down normal vectors to and .
Find .
0
The planes and are given by
The planes intersect in the line .
Find a direction vector for .
Find a vector equation for .
0
The points , and lie in the plane . A point lies on the line through perpendicular to .
Find and .
Hence find a normal vector to .
Find a Cartesian equation of .
Given that and that the -coordinate of is positive, find the coordinates of .
0
The line has equation , . The point has coordinates .
Let be a general point on . Write down in terms of .
Find the value of for which is perpendicular to .
Hence find the shortest distance from to .
The point lies on and . Find the possible coordinates of .
0
The lines and are defined by and , where .
Show that and are not parallel.
Find the exact value of the cosine of the acute angle between and .
Find the value of for which and intersect, and find the point of intersection.
State the relationship between and when .
0
Two lines are given by and , where .
State why the lines are parallel.
Show that the lines are distinct.
Find a Cartesian equation of the plane containing both and .
Find the exact distance between and .
0
Two inspection robots, and , move along straight paths inside a storage facility. Their position vectors, in metres, minutes after 10:00, are
where .
Find the speed of each robot.
Find the acute angle between the two paths.
Let be the distance between the robots at time . Show that .
Hence find the minimum distance between the robots during the four-minute interval. State whether they come within metres of each other.
0
A triangular metal plate has vertices , and . A laser path is modelled by the infinite line

Find .
Find the area of triangle .
Find a Cartesian equation of the plane containing the plate.
Find the point where the line meets the plane of the plate.
Find the acute angle between the line and the plate.
0
The line is given by
A plane contains and the point .

Find two non-parallel direction vectors in .
Find the Cartesian equation of .
Find the acute angle between and the plane .
0
A navigation system records three points in space, , and . A fourth point is to be chosen so that is a parallelogram, with and as adjacent sides.

Find and .
Determine the coordinates of .
Show that the diagonals of bisect each other.
point moves along the diagonal .
Show that the value of the parameter for which is closest to the origin is .
Hence find the minimum distance from the origin to the diagonal . If you did not obtain , use this value.
0
Two particles and move in straight lines. At time seconds, their position vectors are and , where .
Write down in terms of .
Show that .
Find the minimum distance between the particles and the time at which it occurs.
Find the values of for which .
0
The planes and have equations and . Their line of intersection is .
Find a direction vector for .
Show that lies on .
Write down a vector equation of .
Find the exact value of the cosine of the acute angle between and .
Find the Cartesian equation of the plane which contains and the point .
0
The plane has vector equation , where . The line is given by .
Find a normal vector to .
Find a Cartesian equation of .
Find the point of intersection of and .
Find the exact value of , where is the acute angle between and .
Find the Cartesian equation of the plane which contains and is perpendicular to .
0
The points , , and form a parallelogram , where .
Find and in terms of .
Find the value of for which is a rectangle.
For , find the area of .
For , find a Cartesian equation of the plane containing the rectangle.
0
The plane has equation . The point has coordinates .
Write down a vector equation of the line through perpendicular to .
Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular from to .
Find the distance from to .
The point is the reflection of in . Find the coordinates of .
0
Two intersecting lines and pass through . Their direction vectors are and respectively. The plane containing both lines is . The plane has equation .
Find a normal vector to .
Find a Cartesian equation of .
Find the exact value of the cosine of the acute angle between and .
Find a vector equation of the line of intersection of and .
0
Two straight service cables are modelled by the lines

Show that the two lines do not intersect.
State the geometrical relationship between the two lines.
Let be the point on and the point on such that is perpendicular to both lines. Find the coordinates of and .
Hence find the shortest distance between the two cables and the acute angle between them.
0
The planes and are given by
They intersect in the line . The point has coordinates .
Find a direction vector for .
Find a vector equation of .
Find the point on closest to . If you did not obtain a vector equation for , use .
Find the acute angle between and .
0
A parallelogram-shaped sensor screen lies in the plane
where and . A signal travels along

Find a normal vector to .
Show that a Cartesian equation of is .
Find the point where the signal line meets the plane of the screen.
Determine whether the signal hits the parallelogram-shaped screen. Justify your answer.
0
The points , , and are vertices of a quadrilateral. The point has coordinates .
Show that is a parallelogram.
Find the area of .
Find a Cartesian equation of the plane containing .
Find the shortest distance from to the plane containing . If you did not obtain the plane equation, use .
0
Two underwater probes move with constant velocities. Probe starts from and has actual velocity metres per second. Probe starts from and has actual velocity metres per second. Let be the time in seconds after both probes start moving.
Write down vector equations for the positions of the two probes.
Find the acute angle between the paths of the two probes.
Determine whether the probes collide.
Find the time at which the probes are closest together, and find this minimum distance.
0
Two straight tunnels are modelled by
Show that the tunnels intersect, and find their point of intersection.
Find the angle between the two tunnels.
Find a Cartesian equation of the plane containing both tunnels.
ventilation shaft is drilled from perpendicular to this plane. Find the point where the shaft meets the plane, and the length of the shaft.
0
Two underwater vehicles move in straight lines. Their position vectors, in kilometres, hours after noon are
where .
Vehicle | / km | / km | / km | Time interval / h |
|---|---|---|---|---|
P | ||||
Q |
Find the speed of each vehicle.
Show that the square of the distance between the vehicles is .
Hence find the minimum distance between the vehicles during the time interval.
For safety, the vehicles must remain at least km apart.
Determine the interval of time during which the safety condition (the vehicles' separation is at least ) is not satisfied.
Find the duration of this unsafe interval.
0
Consider the two lines
where .

Show that and are not parallel.
Find the value of for which the two lines intersect, and find the point of intersection.
State the relationship between the lines when .
Assume .
Find the shortest distance between and in terms of .
0
The point moves along a straight vertical track. The fixed points are and . The area of triangle changes as varies.

Find in terms of .
Show that the area of triangle is .
Hence find the minimum possible area of triangle .
Find the values of for which the area of triangle is square units.
Explain geometrically why two different values of give the same area in part (c)(i).
0
A family of planes passes through the point and contains the two direction vectors

Find a normal vector to in terms of .
Show that a Cartesian equation of is .
Find the value of for which lies on .
For the remainder of this question, take .
Find the acute angle between and the plane .
Find the point on closest to the origin, and hence find the shortest distance from the origin to .
0
Two planes are given by
They intersect in a line .

Find a direction vector for .
Find a vector equation of .
For each real value of , define the plane
Show that every plane contains the line .
Find such that is perpendicular to the plane .
Find the acute angle between and .
0
The lines and are given by and .
Show that the two lines do not intersect.
State the relationship between the two lines.
Let be a point on and be a point on such that is perpendicular to both lines. Find the coordinates of and .
Hence find the shortest distance between and .
Find the Cartesian equation of the plane containing and parallel to .
0
Three planes are given by , and , where . The line of intersection of and is denoted by .
Find a direction vector for .
Find a vector equation of .
Find the values of and for which contains .
For and , find the common point of intersection of the three planes.
0
The line and the plane are defined by
where .
Find the value of for which is parallel to .
For this value of , determine whether lies in or is parallel and distinct from .
For , find the point of intersection of and , and find the acute angle between and .
Find all values of for which the acute angle between and is radians.
0
Three planes are defined by
where .
Find a vector equation of the line of intersection of and .
Find the coordinates of the common point of the three planes when .
Determine the value of for which the three planes have no common point. Justify your answer.
For , find the acute angle between and .
0
A triangular solar panel has vertices , and . A vertical support cable passes through the point and is parallel to the -axis.

Find a normal vector to the plane of the panel.
Find the area of the triangular panel.
Find a Cartesian equation of the plane of the panel.
Find the height at which the vertical cable meets the plane of the panel.
Determine whether the cable meets the triangular panel itself, rather than only the plane containing it.
Find the acute angle between the panel and the horizontal plane .
0
A tunnel is modelled by the line
where . A fault plane is modelled by
Find the value of for which is parallel to .
For this value of , determine whether lies in or is parallel and distinct from .
Find the value of for which intersects when . Hence find the point of intersection for this value of .
For , find the acute angle between and .
Find all values of for which the acute angle between and is .
0
Two signal directions in a three-dimensional tracking device are represented by
A third adjustable direction is given by , where .

Find the angle between and .
Find the vector projection of onto .
Find if is perpendicular to .
The value of is now allowed to vary.
Determine the value of for which the acute angle between and is a minimum.
Find this minimum acute angle. If you did not obtain , use this value.
0
A light ray travels along the line
and reflects from the plane mirror

Find the point at which the ray meets the plane.
Find the acute angle between the incoming ray and the plane.
The reflected direction is obtained by reversing the component of the incoming direction parallel to the normal vector of the mirror.
Find a direction vector for the reflected ray.
Write down a vector equation of the reflected ray.
0
Two straight support cables are modelled by the following two lines

Show that the two lines are skew.
Find a unit vector perpendicular to both lines.
Find the shortest distance between the two lines.
Let be the point on and the point on such that is the shortest connecting segment.
Find the coordinates of and .
0
A tetrahedral frame has vertices , , and , where and .

Find in terms of .
Show that the volume of the tetrahedron is .
Find the values of for which the volume is cubic units.
Determine the value of for which the faces and are perpendicular.
0
A triangular landing panel has vertices , and . A probe travels along the line

Find a Cartesian equation of the plane containing the triangular panel.
Find the point where the probe path meets the plane.
Determine whether this point lies inside the triangular panel.
second probe travels in the same direction as the first probe, starting from , where is a real constant. Its path is
Find so that the second probe hits the side of the triangular panel.
0
Two planes are given by
A moving point lies on the line

Show that the distances from a point on to and are and respectively.
Find the points on which are equidistant from and .
Find Cartesian equations of the two planes whose points are equidistant from and .
Find the acute angle between and .
0