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Kinematics

Practice exam-style IB Math AA questions for Kinematics, aligned with the syllabus and grouped by topic.

Paper
Difficulty
Status
Level
Question 1
SL • Paper 1
Easy
Non Calculator

A particle moves in a straight line. Its acceleration at time tt seconds is

a(t)=6t6a(t)=6t-6

At t=0t=0, its velocity is 8 m s18\text{ m s}^{-1} and its displacement from the origin is 0 m0\text{ m}.

A

Find v(t)v(t), the velocity of the particle at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the time at which the speed of the particle is least.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the displacement of the particle when t=2t=2.

[1]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 2
SL • Paper 1
Medium
Non Calculator

A particle moves in a straight line. Its displacement from a fixed origin at time tt seconds, 0t50\le t\le 5, is given by

s(t)=t36t2+9ts(t)=t^3-6t^2+9t

Here, ss is measured in metres.

A

Find the velocity of the particle and the times at which it is at rest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

State the intervals during which the particle is moving in the positive direction.

[1]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the total distance travelled by the particle in the first 55 seconds.

[3]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 3
SL • Paper 1
Medium
Non Calculator

A particle moves along a straight line with acceleration

a(t)=42ta(t)=4-2t

where tt is measured in seconds. Initially, the particle has velocity 1 m s1-1\text{ m s}^{-1} and displacement 5 m5\text{ m} from the origin.

A

Find an expression for the velocity v(t)v(t).

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the times in the interval 0t40\le t\le 4 when the particle is at rest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Determine whether the displacement has a local maximum or a local minimum at each of these times.

[1]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 4
SL • Paper 1
Medium
Non Calculator

Two particles, PP and QQ, move along the same straight line. Their displacements from a fixed origin at time tt seconds are

sP(t)=t24t+1,sQ(t)=72ts_P(t)=t^2-4t+1,\qquad s_Q(t)=7-2t
A

Find the time t>0t>0 at which the particles meet.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the velocity of each particle at the time they meet.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

State whether the particles are moving in the same direction when they meet. Give a reason.

[1]
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0

Question 5
SL • Paper 2
Medium
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves along a straight line. Its displacement from a fixed origin after tt seconds is

s(t)=2t315t2+24t+5s(t)=2t^3-15t^2+24t+5

where 0t50\leq t\leq 5 and ss is measured in metres.

A

Find expressions for the velocity and acceleration of the particle at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the times when the particle is instantaneously at rest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the total distance travelled by the particle during the first 55 seconds.

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 6
SL • Paper 2
Medium
Calculator Permitted

The acceleration of a particle moving along a straight line is

a(t)=1.2t4.8a(t)=1.2t-4.8

where 0t60\leq t\leq 6. Initially, the particle is at the origin and has velocity 3 m s13\ \text{m s}^{-1}.

A

Find an expression for the velocity v(t)v(t).

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the time in the interval when the particle is instantaneously at rest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the total distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=6t=6.

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 7
SL • Paper 2
Medium
Calculator Permitted

The velocity-time graph of a particle moving along a straight line consists of straight line segments joining five labelled points, as shown.

Piecewise-linear velocity-time graph for a particle moving along a straight line.
A

Determine the acceleration of the particle for 2t52\leq t\leq 5.

[1]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the times after t=0t=0 when the particle is instantaneously at rest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the total distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=9t=9.

[3]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 8
SL • Paper 2
Medium
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves along a straight line with velocity

v(t)=0.5t23t+2v(t)=0.5t^2-3t+2

where 0t70\leq t\leq 7 and tt is measured in seconds.

A

Find the acceleration of the particle when t=4t=4.

[1]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the times when the particle is instantaneously at rest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the total distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=7t=7.

[3]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 9
SL • Paper 1
Medium
Non Calculator

The velocity of a particle moving along a straight line is given by

v(t)=sint+costv(t)=\sin t+\cos t

for 0tπ0\le t\le \pi, where tt is measured in seconds and v(t)v(t) is measured in m s1\text{m s}^{-1}. The particle is initially at the origin.

A

Find the acceleration of the particle at t=π2t=\frac{\pi}{2}.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the displacement of the particle from t=0t=0 to t=πt=\pi.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the total distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=πt=\pi.

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 10
SL • Paper 1
Medium
Non Calculator

The velocity v m s1v\text{ m s}^{-1} of a particle moving in a straight line is defined by

v(t)={4t,0t6,t8,6<t10.v(t)= \begin{cases} 4-t, & 0\le t\le 6,\\ t-8, & 6<t\le 10. \end{cases}
A

Find the displacement of the particle from t=0t=0 to t=10t=10.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the total distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=10t=10.

[4]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 11
HL • Paper 1
Medium
Non Calculator

A particle moves in the plane. Its position vector at time tt seconds, 0t40\le t\le 4, is

r(t)=(t24t)i+(2tt2)j\mathbf r(t)=(t^2-4t)\mathbf i+(2t-t^2)\mathbf j

The position is measured in metres.

A

Find the velocity vector of the particle at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the time at which the speed of the particle is least.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the least speed of the particle.

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 12
HL • Paper 1
Medium
Non Calculator

A particle moves in the plane with acceleration

a=2j\mathbf a=-2\mathbf j

At t=0t=0, its velocity is 3i+4j3\mathbf i+4\mathbf j and its position vector is j\mathbf j.

A

Find the position vector r(t)\mathbf r(t) of the particle.

[3]
Write your answer here...
B

Show that the path of the particle satisfies

y=1+4x3x29y=1+\frac{4x}{3}-\frac{x^2}{9}
[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the maximum value of yy.

[1]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 13
HL • Paper 1
Medium
Non Calculator

A particle moves in the plane with position vector

r(t)=eti+etj\mathbf r(t)=e^t\mathbf i+e^{-t}\mathbf j

where tRt\in\mathbb R.

A

Find the speed of the particle at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Determine the time at which the speed is least.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Show that, at this time, the velocity and acceleration vectors are perpendicular.

[1]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 14
SL • Paper 2
Medium
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves in a straight line with velocity

v(t)=4sin(0.8t)1v(t)=4\sin(0.8t)-1

where 0t80\leq t\leq 8, tt is measured in seconds and vv in m s1\text{m s}^{-1}.

A

Find the times in the interval when the particle is instantaneously at rest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the displacement of the particle from t=0t=0 to t=8t=8.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the total distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=8t=8.

[3]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 15
SL • Paper 2
Medium
Calculator Permitted

The displacement of a particle from a fixed origin is modelled by

s(t)=8ln(t+1)t2+3s(t)=8\ln(t+1)-t^2+3

where 0t60\leq t\leq 6, tt is measured in seconds and ss in metres.

A

Find the velocity of the particle at time tt.

[1]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the time when the particle changes direction.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the total distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=6t=6.

[3]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 16
HL • Paper 2
Medium
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves along a straight line. Let ss be the numerical value of its displacement in metres and let vv be the numerical value of its velocity in m s1\text{m s}^{-1}. They are related by

v(s)=ss+1,s0v(s)=\frac{s}{s+1}, \qquad s\geq 0

The acceleration aa is expressed by its numerical value in m s2\text{m s}^{-2}.

A

Show that the acceleration is a(s)=s(s+1)3a(s)=\dfrac{s}{(s+1)^3}.

[3]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the displacement at which the acceleration is greatest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the values of ss for which the acceleration is 0.100 m s20.100\ \text{m s}^{-2}.

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 17
HL • Paper 2
Medium
Calculator Permitted

The position vector of a particle at time tt seconds is

r(t)=(t36t)i+4et/2j\mathbf r(t)=(t^3-6t)\mathbf i+4e^{-t/2}\mathbf j

where 0t30\leq t\leq 3 and distances are measured in metres.

A

Find the velocity vector and the acceleration vector of the particle at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the speed of the particle when t=2t=2.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Determine the time at which the velocity vector is perpendicular to the acceleration vector.

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 18
HL • Paper 2
Medium
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves along a straight line with velocity

v(t)=0.2(t0.5)(t3)(t6)v(t)=0.2(t-0.5)(t-3)(t-6)

where 0t80\leq t\leq 8, tt is measured in seconds and vv in m s1\text{m s}^{-1}.

A

Find the times when the particle is instantaneously at rest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Calculate the displacement of the particle from t=0t=0 to t=8t=8.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Calculate the total distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=8t=8.

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 19
HL • Paper 2
Medium
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves along a straight line. Its position coordinate at time tt seconds is

x(t)=t24t+3x(t)=t^2-4t+3

where 0t30\leq t\leq 3 and distances are measured in metres.

A

Find the velocity of the particle at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the speed and the magnitude of the acceleration of the particle when t=1t=1.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the times, with 0<t30<t\leq 3, when the particle is at the origin.

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 20
HL • Paper 2
Medium
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves in a plane with position vector

r(t)=3sinti+4costj\mathbf r(t)=3\sin t\,\mathbf i+4\cos t\,\mathbf j

where 0tπ0\leq t\leq \pi, tt is measured in seconds and distances are measured in metres. This question intentionally extends one-dimensional kinematics to planar motion; numerical integration may be used where necessary.

A

Find the velocity vector and acceleration vector of the particle at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the maximum speed of the particle and the time at which it occurs.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Calculate the total distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=πt=\pi.

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 21
SL • Paper 1
Medium
Non Calculator

A particle AA moves in a straight line. Its displacement from a fixed origin at time tt seconds is given by

sA(t)=t39t2+24ts_A(t)=t^3-9t^2+24t

where 0t60\le t\le 6 and sAs_A is measured in metres.

A
I.

Find an expression for the velocity of particle AA at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the times at which particle AA is instantaneously at rest, and state the direction of motion in each of the intervals determined by these times.

[3]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Find the displacement of particle AA from the origin when t=2t=2, t=4t=4 and t=6t=6.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Hence find the total distance travelled by particle AA during the first 66 seconds.

[3]
Write your answer here...
C

second particle BB moves along the same line with velocity vB(t)=10tv_B(t)=10-t, for 0t100\le t\le 10. Particle BB starts from the origin. Find the first time at which the distance travelled by particle BB is equal to the total distance travelled by particle AA during the first 66 seconds. If you did not obtain an answer to part (b)(ii), use 44 m44\text{ m}.

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 22
SL • Paper 1
Medium
Non Calculator

A particle moves in a straight line with velocity

v(t)=2cost1v(t)=2\cos t-1

where 0t2π0\le t\le 2\pi. Initially, the particle is 1 m1\text{ m} from the origin in the positive direction.

A

(a)

I.

Find the acceleration of the particle at time tt.

[1]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the times at which the particle is instantaneously at rest.

[3]
Write your answer here...
B

(b)

I.

Find an expression for the displacement s(t)s(t) of the particle from the origin.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the displacement of the particle from t=0t=0 to t=2πt=2\pi.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the total distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=2πt=2\pi. If you did not obtain the rest times in part (a)(ii), use t=π3t=\frac{\pi}{3} and t=5π3t=\frac{5\pi}{3}.

[3]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 23
SL • Paper 1
Medium
Non Calculator

The velocity-time graph of a particle moving in a straight line consists of straight line segments joining the points shown. The displacement of the particle from the origin at t=0t=0 is 5 m-5\text{ m}.

Velocity-time graph of the particle.
A
I.

Find the acceleration of the particle for 0t20\le t\le 2.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find all times at which the particle is instantaneously at rest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Find the displacement of the particle from t=0t=0 to t=10t=10.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the displacement of the particle from the origin at t=10t=10.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C
I.

Find the total distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=10t=10.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the first time at which the particle passes through the origin.

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 24
SL • Paper 1
Medium
Non Calculator

A particle moves in a straight line with velocity

v(t)=t24t+3v(t)=t^2-4t+3

where 0t50\le t\le 5. The particle starts at the origin. Here, tt is measured in seconds and v(t)v(t) in metres per second.

A
I.

Find the times at which the particle is instantaneously at rest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find an expression for the displacement s(t)s(t) of the particle from the origin.

[2]
Write your answer here...
III.

Show that the particle returns to the origin when t=3t=3.

[1]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

State the intervals during which the particle moves in the positive direction.

[1]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the total distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=5t=5. If you did not obtain the displacement function in part (a)(ii), use s(t)=t332t2+3ts(t)=\frac{t^3}{3}-2t^2+3t.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the average velocity and the average speed of the particle over the interval 0t50\le t\le 5.

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 25
HL • Paper 1
Medium
Non Calculator

A particle moves in three-dimensional space with position vector

r(t)=3costi+3sintj+4tk\mathbf r(t)=3\cos t\,\mathbf i+3\sin t\,\mathbf j+4t\,\mathbf k

where tt is measured in seconds and distances are measured in metres. Here i\mathbf i, j\mathbf j, and k\mathbf k are mutually perpendicular unit vectors along the positive xx-, yy-, and zz-axes, respectively.

A
I.

Find the velocity vector and acceleration vector of the particle at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Show that the velocity and acceleration vectors are perpendicular for all tt in this interval.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Find the speed of the particle.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the total distance travelled by the particle for 0tπ0\le t\le \pi.

[1]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the angle between the velocity vector and the positive zz-axis.

[3]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 26
HL • Paper 1
Medium
Non Calculator

A particle moves in a straight line. Its velocity v m s1v\text{ m s}^{-1} at time tt seconds satisfies

dvdt=3v\frac{dv}{dt}=3-v

Initially, v=1v=1 and the particle is at the origin.

A

By solving the differential equation, show that

v(t)=32etv(t)=3-2e^{-t}
[3]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the time at which the velocity is 2 m s12\text{ m s}^{-1}.

[1]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the displacement of the particle at the time found in part (b).

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 27
HL • Paper 1
Medium
Non Calculator

A particle moves in a straight line. Its acceleration a m s2a\text{ m s}^{-2} is related to its displacement s ms\text{ m} from the origin by

a=4sa=4s

When s=0s=0, the particle has velocity 3 m s13\text{ m s}^{-1}. The particle continues to move in the positive direction.

A

Show that

v2=4s2+9v^2=4s^2+9
[3]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the velocity of the particle when s=2s=2.

[1]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the acceleration of the particle when s=2s=2.

[1]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 28
HL • Paper 1
Medium
Non Calculator

Two particles, PP and QQ, move in three-dimensional space. Their position vectors at time tt seconds, t0t\ge 0, are

rP=(1,0,2)+t(2,1,1)\mathbf r_P=(1,0,2)+t(2,-1,1) rQ=(5,2,0)+t(0,1,2)\mathbf r_Q=(5,-2,0)+t(0,1,2)
A

Find the position vector of PP relative to QQ at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the time at which the distance between the particles is least.

[3]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the least distance between the particles.

[1]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 29
SL • Paper 2
Medium
Calculator Permitted

A lift moves vertically along a straight shaft. Its velocity, in m s1\text{m s}^{-1}, at time tt seconds is modelled by

v(t)=1.8sin(πt6)0.3,0t12v(t)=1.8\sin\left(\frac{\pi t}{6}\right)-0.3,\qquad 0\le t\le 12

Positive velocity is upwards. At t=0t=0, the lift is 2 m2\text{ m} above the ground floor.

Velocity-time graph of a lift over 12 s.
A
I.

Find the times at which the lift is instantaneously at rest.

[3]
Write your answer here...
II.

State the time interval during which the lift is moving upwards.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Find the height of the lift above the ground floor when it is at its maximum height.

[3]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the displacement of the lift from t=0t=0 to t=12t=12.

[1]
Write your answer here...
C

Calculate the total distance travelled by the lift during the 1212 seconds.

[3]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 30
SL • Paper 2
Medium
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves along a straight line. Its displacement from a fixed origin at time tt seconds is

s(t)=3+6t2.5t2+0.2t3,0t8s(t)=3+6t-2.5t^2+0.2t^3,\qquad 0\le t\le 8

where ss is measured in metres.

A
I.

Find an expression for the velocity of the particle.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the times at which the particle changes direction.

[3]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Find the acceleration of the particle at time tt.

[1]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the velocity of the particle when its acceleration is zero.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Calculate the total distance travelled by the particle during the interval 0t80\le t\le 8.

[3]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 31
SL • Paper 2
Medium
Calculator Permitted

The velocity-time graph of a particle moving in a straight line consists of straight line segments joining the points shown. The velocity is measured in m s1\text{m s}^{-1} and time is measured in seconds.

Velocity-time graph of the particle.
A
I.

The graph passes through (0,2)(0,2), (3,5)(3,5), (6,1)(6,-1), (9,1)(9,-1) and (12,4)(12,4). Find the acceleration for 3<t<63<t<6.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the times when the particle is instantaneously at rest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Calculate the displacement of the particle from t=0t=0 to t=12t=12.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Calculate the total distance travelled from t=0t=0 to t=12t=12.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Given that the particle starts at the origin, find the greatest displacement of the particle from the origin during the interval 0t120\le t\le 12.

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 32
HL • Paper 2
Medium
Calculator Permitted

A projectile is launched from a point 1 m1\ \text{m} above horizontal ground. Its position vector at time tt seconds is

r(t)=8ti+(1+12t4.9t2)j\mathbf r(t)=8t\mathbf i+(1+12t-4.9t^2)\mathbf j

where distances are measured in metres and j\mathbf j is vertically upwards.

A
I.

Find the velocity vector of the projectile at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the acceleration vector of the projectile.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Find the maximum height reached by the projectile.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the horizontal distance travelled when the projectile first reaches the ground.

[1]
Write your answer here...
C

Determine the speed and the direction of motion of the projectile at the instant it reaches the ground. Give the direction as an angle below the horizontal.

[3]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 33
HL • Paper 2
Medium
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves in three-dimensional space. Use the HL vector methods for three-dimensional kinematics in this question. Its position vector at time tt seconds is

r(t)=t2i+sintj+etk\mathbf r(t)=t^2\mathbf i+\sin t\,\mathbf j+e^{-t}\mathbf k

where 0t40\leq t\leq 4 and distances are measured in metres.

A

Find the speed of the particle when t=1t=1.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the minimum distance of the particle from the origin during the interval.

[3]
Write your answer here...
C

Determine whether the particle is moving towards or away from the origin when t=1t=1. Justify your answer.

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 34
HL • Paper 3
Medium
Calculator Permitted

Two delivery carts PP and QQ move along the same straight track. At time tt seconds, PP has velocity vP(t)=2+3et/2v_P(t)=2+3e^{-t/2} and starts from the origin. Cart QQ starts 18 m18\ \text{m} ahead of PP and moves with constant velocity 1 m s11\ \text{m s}^{-1}.

Displacement-time graph for carts P and Q on a straight track.
A
I.

Find the displacement of PP from the origin at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Write down the displacement of QQ from the origin at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Determine the time at which PP catches QQ.

[3]
Write your answer here...
C

Justify that the carts meet only once for t>0t>0.

[3]
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0

Question 35
SL • Paper 1
Hard
Non Calculator

A particle moves along a straight line. Its acceleration at time tt seconds is

a(t)=4cos(2t)a(t)=4\cos(2t)

where 0tπ0\le t\le \pi. Initially its velocity is 1 m s1-1\text{ m s}^{-1} and it is at the origin.

A
I.

Find an expression for the velocity v(t)v(t) of the particle.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the times at which the particle is instantaneously at rest.

[3]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Find an expression for the displacement s(t)s(t) of the particle from the origin.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the displacement of the particle from t=0t=0 to t=πt=\pi.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the total distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=πt=\pi. If you did not obtain the rest times in part (a)(ii), use t=π12t=\frac{\pi}{12} and t=5π12t=\frac{5\pi}{12}.

[4]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 36
SL • Paper 1
Hard
Non Calculator

A particle moves along a straight line with velocity

v(t)=et14v(t)=e^{-t}-\frac14

where 0tln160\le t\le \ln 16. The particle starts at the origin.

A

Part (a)

I.

Find the acceleration of the particle at time tt.

[1]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the time at which the particle is instantaneously at rest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
III.

State whether this time gives a maximum or a minimum displacement. Give a reason.

[1]
Write your answer here...
B

Part (b)

I.

Find an expression for the displacement s(t)s(t) of the particle from the origin.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the displacement of the particle from t=0t=0 to t=ln16t=\ln 16.

[1]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the total distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=ln16t=\ln16. If you did not obtain the time in part (a)(ii), use t=ln4t=\ln4.

[3]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 37
HL • Paper 1
Hard
Non Calculator

Two particles PP and QQ move along a straight line. Taking a fixed positive direction along the line, the signed relative displacement of PP from QQ at time tt is

s(t)=((t1)2+1) ms(t)=\big((t-1)^2+1\big)\ \text{m}

where tt is the numerical value of the time in seconds and 0t30\le t\le 3.

A
I.

Find the relative velocity v(t)v(t) and the relative acceleration a(t)a(t).

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Show that the square of the distance between the particles is u4+2u2+1 m2u^4+2u^2+1\ \text{m}^2, where u=t1u=t-1.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Determine the time at which the distance between the particles is least.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the least distance between the particles.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Determine whether the particles are moving towards each other or away from each other when t=2t=2. Justify your answer.

[3]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 38
HL • Paper 1
Hard
Non Calculator

A particle moves in a straight line. Its velocity v m s1v\text{ m s}^{-1} satisfies the differential equation

dvdt=22v\frac{dv}{dt}=2-2v

At t=0t=0, the particle is at the origin and has velocity 5 m s15\text{ m s}^{-1}.

A
I.

Show that v(t)=1+4e2tv(t)=1+4e^{-2t}.

[3]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the acceleration of the particle at time tt.

[1]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Find the time at which the acceleration is 1 m s2-1\text{ m s}^{-2}.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Explain why the particle never changes direction.

[1]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the displacement of the particle from the origin at the time found in part (b)(i). If you did not obtain this time, use t=32ln2t=\frac32\ln2.

[3]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 39
SL • Paper 2
Hard
Calculator Permitted

Two small robots, PP and QQ, move along the same straight track. At t=0t=0, robot PP is at the origin and robot QQ is 18 m18\ \text{m} ahead of PP. Their velocities, in m s1\text{m s}^{-1}, are

vP(t)=4+2sin(0.5t),vQ(t)=70.4tv_P(t)=4+2\sin(0.5t),\qquad v_Q(t)=7-0.4t

for 0t200\le t\le 20.

A
AI.

Find expressions for the displacement of each robot from the origin at time tt.

[3]
Write your answer here...
AII.

Find the time, after t=0t=0, when the robots meet.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

At the instant when the robots meet, determine whether they are moving in the same direction. Give a reason.

[3]
Write your answer here...
C
CI.

Find the position of the robots when they meet.

[2]
Write your answer here...
CII.

Calculate the total distance travelled by robot QQ before the robots meet.

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 40
SL • Paper 2
Hard
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves along a straight line. Its acceleration at time tt seconds is

a(t)=t5,0t10a(t)=t-5,\qquad 0\le t\le 10

Initially, the particle is 2 m2\ \text{m} to the negative side of the origin and has velocity 8 m s18\ \text{m s}^{-1}.

A
I.

Find an expression for the velocity v(t)v(t).

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find an expression for the displacement s(t)s(t) from the origin.

[3]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Find the times at which the particle is instantaneously at rest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Determine the minimum velocity of the particle during the interval.

[1]
Write your answer here...
C
I.

Find the times in 0t100\le t\le 10 when the particle is at the origin.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Calculate the total distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=10t=10.

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 41
SL • Paper 2
Hard
Calculator Permitted

The displacement, in metres, of a sliding door from its closed position is modelled by

s(t)=12(1e0.3t)0.8t,0t15s(t)=12(1-e^{-0.3t})-0.8t,\qquad 0\le t\le 15

where tt is measured in seconds. Positive displacement means that the door is opening.

A
I.

Find the velocity of the door at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the acceleration of the door at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Find the time at which the door is furthest from the closed position.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the maximum displacement of the door from the closed position.

[2]
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C
I.

Find the times when the speed of the door is 0.5 m s10.5\ \text{m s}^{-1}.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Calculate the total distance travelled by the door from t=0t=0 to t=15t=15.

[1]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 42
HL • Paper 2
Hard
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves along a straight line. Its velocity v m s1v\ \text{m s}^{-1} satisfies the differential equation

dvdt=0.6(5v)\frac{dv}{dt}=0.6(5-v)

At t=0t=0, v=2v=-2 and the displacement from the origin is 0 m0\ \text{m}.

A
I.

Show that v(t)=57e0.6tv(t)=5-7e^{-0.6t}.

[3]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the time when the particle first comes to rest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Find an expression for the displacement s(t)s(t) from the origin.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the displacement of the particle at t=8t=8.

[1]
Write your answer here...
C
I.

Calculate the total distance travelled by the particle during the first 88 seconds.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the time at which the particle is 20 m20\ \text{m} from the origin in the positive direction.

[1]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 43
HL • Paper 2
Hard
Calculator Permitted

Two drones, AA and BB, move in three-dimensional space. Their position vectors, in metres, at time tt seconds are

rA=(1,2,1)+t(4,1,2),rB=(13,4,5)+t(1,2,0)\mathbf r_A=(1,2,-1)+t(4,-1,2),\qquad \mathbf r_B=(13,-4,5)+t(-1,2,0)
A
I.

Find the position vector of drone AA relative to drone BB at time tt.

[2]
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II.

Find the relative velocity of drone AA with respect to drone BB.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Find the time at which the drones are closest together.

[2]
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II.

Find the minimum distance between the drones.

[2]
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C

Find the times when the drones are exactly 10 m10\ \text{m} apart.

[3]
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0

Question 44
HL • Paper 3
Hard
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves along a straight line with velocity v(t)=(t1)(t4)v(t)=(t-1)(t-4), for 0t60\le t\le 6, where tt is measured in seconds and vv in m s1\text{m s}^{-1}.

Velocity-time curve for a quadratic particle motion on 0 to 6 s.
A
I.

Find the times at which the particle is instantaneously at rest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

State the intervals on which the particle is moving in the positive direction.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the displacement of the particle from t=0t=0 to t=6t=6.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the total distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=6t=6.

[3]
Write your answer here...
D

The model is generalized by defining the numerical value of the velocity (in m s1\text{m s}^{-1}) as vp(t)=(tp)(t4p)v_p(t)=(t-p)(t-4p) for 0t6p0\le t\le 6p, where tt denotes the numerical value of time in seconds and p>0p>0 is a dimensionless parameter. Show that the total distance travelled is 15p3 m15p^3\ \text{m}.

[3]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 45
HL • Paper 3
Hard
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves along a straight line. Its acceleration is a(t)=6(t+1)31a(t)=\dfrac{6}{(t+1)^3}-1, for 0t50\le t\le 5. Initially the particle has velocity 0 m s10\ \text{m s}^{-1} and displacement 2 m2\ \text{m}.

Acceleration as a function of time on 0 to 5 seconds, decreasing from positive to negative.
A
I.

Find v(t)v(t), the velocity at time tt.

[3]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find s(t)s(t), the displacement at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the time after t=0t=0 at which the particle changes direction.

[3]
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C

Find the total distance travelled from t=0t=0 to t=5t=5.

[3]
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0

Question 46
HL • Paper 3
Hard
Calculator Permitted

Two drones move in three-dimensional space. Their position vectors, in metres, are rP=(3,1,5)+t(2,1,3)\mathbf r_P=(3,1,5)+t(2,-1,3) and rQ=(13,3,7)+t(1,1,4)\mathbf r_Q=(13,-3,7)+t(-1,1,4), where t0t\ge 0 is measured in seconds.

A schematic three-dimensional diagram showing two drones moving along straight-line paths, with their initial positions and velocity directions indicated.
A
I.

Find the position vector of QQ relative to PP at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Write down the relative velocity of QQ with respect to PP.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the time at which the distance between the drones is least.

[3]
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C

Find the least distance between the drones.

[3]
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0

Question 47
HL • Paper 3
Hard
Calculator Permitted

A train starts from rest at a station and travels for 88 seconds before stopping at the next signal. Its velocity is modelled by v(t)=kt(8t)v(t)=kt(8-t), 0t80\le t\le 8, where k>0k>0. The distance between the station and the signal is 48 m48\ \text{m}.

Velocity-time curve for the train journey.
A
I.

Find the value of kk.

[3]
Write your answer here...
II.

Using the velocity-time graph, determine the time at which the maximum velocity occurs and the maximum velocity of the train.

[2]
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B

Find the distance travelled in the first 33 seconds.

[2]
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C

similar journey of length DD metres over time TT seconds is modelled by v(t)=kt(Tt)v(t)=kt(T-t), 0tT0\le t\le T. Show that the maximum velocity is 3D2T\dfrac{3D}{2T}.

[3]
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D

For a journey of length 60 m60\ \text{m}, determine the least possible value of TT if the maximum velocity must not exceed 8 m s18\ \text{m s}^{-1}.

[2]
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0

Question 48
HL • Paper 3
Hard
Calculator Permitted

For 0t40\le t\le 4, the velocity of a particle moving along a straight line is v(t)=t24t+3v(t)=t^2-4t+3.

Quadratic velocity-time graph for a particle on 0≤t≤4.
A
I.

Find the acceleration of the particle at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the times at which the particle is at rest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the displacement from t=0t=0 to t=4t=4.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the total distance travelled from t=0t=0 to t=4t=4.

[2]
Write your answer here...
D

The model is changed to v(t)=t24t+cv(t)=t^2-4t+c on the same interval. Find the value of cc for which the displacement from t=0t=0 to t=4t=4 is zero.

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 49
HL • Paper 3
Hard
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves in the plane with position vector r(t)=ti+ln(1+t)j\mathbf r(t)=t\mathbf i+\ln(1+t)\mathbf j, for 0t50\le t\le 5, where tt is measured in seconds and distances are measured in metres. This question assesses the planar extension of one-dimensional motion; use vector differentiation for velocity and acceleration, and calculate distance travelled by integrating speed.

Trajectory of the particle on y = ln(1+x) for 0≤x≤5.
A
I.

Find the velocity vector at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the speed at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Show that the speed is decreasing for 0t50\le t\le 5.

[3]
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C

Calculate the total distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=5t=5.

[2]
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D

Find the magnitude of the acceleration when t=2t=2.

[2]
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0

Question 50
HL • Paper 3
Hard
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves along a straight line with velocity v(t)=et(4t)v(t)=e^{-t}(4-t) for all t0t\ge 0. Initially, its displacement from the origin is 00.

Velocity of the particle as a function of time, with a zoomed curve for 3.5 ≤ t ≤ 6 so that negative velocities are clearly distinguishable from v = 0.
A
I.

Find the time at which the particle changes direction.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the acceleration at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the displacement of the particle from t=0t=0 to t=6t=6.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Find the total distance travelled from t=0t=0 to t=6t=6.

[3]
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D

State the limiting displacement as tt\to\infty.

[1]
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0

Question 51
HL • Paper 1
Hard
Non Calculator

A particle moves in the plane with position vector

r(t)=(t22t)i+(t332t)j\mathbf r(t)=(t^2-2t)\mathbf i+\left(\frac{t^3}{3}-2t\right)\mathbf j

where 0t30\le t\le 3 and distances are measured in metres.

A
I.

Find the velocity vector and acceleration vector of the particle at time tt.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the time at which the velocity is parallel to the xx-axis.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Show that the square of the speed is t48t+8t^4-8t+8.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Determine the time at which the speed is least.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C
I.

Find the least speed of the particle.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Show that, at the time when the speed is least, the velocity and acceleration vectors are perpendicular. If you did not obtain the time in part (b)(ii), use t=23t=\sqrt[3]{2}.

[2]
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0

Question 52
HL • Paper 1
Hard
Non Calculator

A particle moves in a straight line. Its acceleration a m s2a\text{ m s}^{-2} is related to its displacement s ms\text{ m} from the origin by

a=sa=-s

When t=0t=0, the particle is at the origin and has velocity 2 m s12\text{ m s}^{-1}. Initially the particle moves in the positive direction.

A
I.

Using a=vdvdsa=v\frac{dv}{ds}, show that v2=4s2v^2=4-s^2.

[3]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the maximum displacement of the particle from the origin.

[1]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

For the initial motion in the positive direction, show that s=2sints=2\sin t.

[3]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the time at which the particle first reaches its maximum displacement.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

The motion continues according to s=2sints=2\sin t for 0tπ0\le t\le \pi. Find the total distance travelled by the particle during this interval.

[3]
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0

Question 53
HL • Paper 1
Hard
Non Calculator

A particle moves in a straight line. Its displacement from a fixed origin at time tt seconds is

s(t)=t24t+t2+3s(t)=t^2-4t+|t-2|+3

where 0t50\le t\le 5 and ss is measured in metres.

A
I.

Write s(t)s(t) as a piecewise-defined function without using the modulus sign.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Show that s(t)s(t) is continuous but not differentiable at t=2t=2.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Find the velocity of the particle for 0<t<20<t<2 and for 2<t<52<t<5.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Explain why the particle changes direction at t=2t=2 even though it is not instantaneously at rest at that time.

[1]
Write your answer here...
C
I.

Find the displacement of the particle from t=0t=0 to t=5t=5.

[1]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the total distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=5t=5.

[2]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 54
HL • Paper 2
Hard
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves in a straight line in the positive direction. Its acceleration a m s2a\ \text{m s}^{-2} is related to its displacement s ms\ \text{m} from a fixed origin by

a=120.5sa=12-0.5s

When s=0s=0, the particle has velocity 6 m s16\ \text{m s}^{-1}.

A
I.

Show that v2=36+24s0.5s2v^2=36+24s-0.5s^2.

[3]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the velocity of the particle when s=30s=30.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Find the displacement at which the speed is greatest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the greatest speed of the particle.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C
I.

Find the time taken for the particle to move from s=0s=0 to s=10s=10.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the time taken for the particle to reach its greatest speed.

[1]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 55
HL • Paper 2
Hard
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves in the plane with position vector

r(t)=e0.2tcosti+e0.2tsintj,t0\mathbf r(t)=e^{-0.2t}\cos t\mathbf i+e^{-0.2t}\sin t\mathbf j,\qquad t\ge0

where distances are measured in metres and tt is measured in seconds.

Spiral path of a particle in the plane.
A
I.

Find the velocity vector v(t)\mathbf v(t).

[3]
Write your answer here...
II.

Show that the speed of the particle is 1.04e0.2t\sqrt{1.04}e^{-0.2t}.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Find the distance travelled by the particle from t=0t=0 to t=10t=10.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the time at which the particle is 0.5 m0.5\ \text{m} from the origin.

[1]
Write your answer here...
C
I.

Show that the angle between the position vector and the velocity vector is constant.

[3]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find this angle in degrees.

[1]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 56
HL • Paper 2
Hard
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves along a straight line. Its velocity, in m s1\text{m s}^{-1}, is given by

v(t)=t31,0t8v(t)=|t-3|-1,\qquad 0\le t\le 8

At t=0t=0, the particle is at the origin.

Velocity-time graph of v(t)=|t-3|-1 on 0≤t≤8.
A
I.

Write v(t)v(t) as a piecewise function without using the absolute value sign.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the times at which the particle is instantaneously at rest.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B
I.

Find the displacement of the particle from t=0t=0 to t=8t=8.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Calculate the total distance travelled from t=0t=0 to t=8t=8.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C
I.

Find the acceleration of the particle for t<3t<3 and for t>3t>3.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Discuss whether the acceleration is defined at t=3t=3.

[1]
Write your answer here...

0

Question 57
HL • Paper 3
Hard
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves along a straight line with velocity v(t)=3sint1v(t)=3\sin t-1, for 0t2π0\le t\le 2\pi.

Velocity-time curve for v(t)=3 sin t - 1 on 0≤t≤2π, with the two zeros marked.
A
I.

Show that the particle is instantaneously at rest at t=αt=\alpha and t=παt=\pi-\alpha, where α=arcsin(13)\alpha=\arcsin\left(\frac13\right).

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

State the interval on which the particle moves in the positive direction.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the displacement of the particle from t=0t=0 to t=2πt=2\pi.

[2]
Write your answer here...
C

Show that the total distance travelled is 82+4α8\sqrt2+4\alpha metres.

[4]
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D

Hence find the average speed of the particle over the interval 0t2π0\le t\le 2\pi.

[2]
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0

Question 58
HL • Paper 3
Hard
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves along a straight line so that its acceleration is related to its displacement ss from the origin by a=9sa=-9s. At t=0t=0, s=2s=2 and v=0v=0. The particle initially moves towards the origin.

Phase diagram of velocity v against displacement s.
A
I.

Show that v2=369s2v^2=36-9s^2.

[3]
Write your answer here...
II.

Find the velocity of the particle when s=1s=1.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Show that the displacement may be written as s=2cos(3t)s=2\cos(3t).

[3]
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C

Find the first time at which the particle passes through the origin.

[2]
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D

Find the total distance travelled in one complete oscillation.

[3]
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0

Question 59
HL • Paper 3
Hard
Calculator Permitted

A test vehicle starts and finishes at rest during a journey of length 200 m200\ \text{m}. Its velocity is modelled by v(t)=kt2(10t)2v(t)=kt^2(10-t)^2, for 0t100\le t\le 10, where k>0k>0.

Symmetric vehicle velocity-time curve on 0 to 10 s.
A
I.

Find the value of kk.

[3]
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II.

Find the maximum velocity of the vehicle.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

similar journey of length DD metres in TT seconds is modelled by v(t)=kt2(Tt)2v(t)=kt^2(T-t)^2. Show that vmax=15D8Tv_{\max}=\dfrac{15D}{8T}.

[4]
Write your answer here...
C

For a journey of length 200 m200\ \text{m}, find the least journey time TT if the maximum velocity must not exceed 30 m s130\ \text{m s}^{-1}.

[3]
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0

Question 60
HL • Paper 3
Hard
Calculator Permitted

A particle moves in the plane with position vector r(t)=et/2costi+et/2sintj\mathbf r(t)=e^{-t/2}\cos t\,\mathbf i+e^{-t/2}\sin t\,\mathbf j, for t0t\ge 0, where the coordinates are measured in metres and tt is measured in seconds. Use planar vector kinematics for this question.

Decaying spiral path traced by the particle in the plane.
A
I.

Find the velocity vector of the particle.

[2]
Write your answer here...
II.

Show that the speed is 52et/2\frac{\sqrt5}{2}e^{-t/2}.

[2]
Write your answer here...
B

Find the total distance travelled during the first complete revolution.

[3]
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C

Find the total distance travelled as tt\to\infty.

[3]
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0


Integral Calculus

Maclaurin Series