A solution of the differential equation satisfies . Euler's method is used with step length .
Write down the recurrence formulae for and .
Hence find the Euler approximation to .
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Euler's method is used to approximate the solution of , with , using step length .
Write down the recurrence formulae used in Euler's method.
Use the recurrence formulae to find the Euler approximation to .
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Consider the differential equation
with initial condition .
Use Euler's method with step length to find an approximation for . Give your answer correct to three significant figures.
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The function satisfies and .
Find the general solution in implicit form.
Hence find the particular solution in the form .
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For , consider the differential equation , with .
Find an integrating factor for this differential equation.
Hence solve the differential equation.
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The function satisfies and .
Find an integrating factor and write the left hand side as the derivative of a product.
Hence find in terms of .
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For , a function satisfies , with .
Use the substitution to find in terms of .
Hence find the particular solution for .
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The function satisfies and .
Find an implicit expression relating and .
Hence write the solution explicitly in the form , choosing the branch consistent with the initial condition.
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A curve satisfies the differential equation
and passes through the point .
Find in terms of , and hence find .
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For , a curve satisfies
and passes through .
Using the substitution , solve the differential equation and find .
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The temperature , in degrees Celsius, of a heated object is modelled by
where is measured in minutes. Initially .
Determine the time taken for the object to cool to .
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A radioactive substance has mass grams after years. Its decay is modelled by
After years, of the original mass remains.
Find and hence find the half-life of the substance.
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A population is modelled by the logistic differential equation , where . Initially when .
Show that .
Determine the value of when .
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For , a function satisfies and .
Use the substitution to obtain a separable differential equation in and .
Hence solve the differential equation, giving in terms of .
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The temperature , in degrees Celsius, of a cup of tea after minutes is modelled by , where . Initially , and after one minute .
Solve the differential equation in terms of .
Find the exact value of .
Determine the time at which .
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For , the function satisfies
with .
Use the substitution to find in terms of . State the vertical asymptote of the solution curve.
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The function satisfies the differential equation
with .
Solve the differential equation, and hence find the value of for which .
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For , a function satisfies
and .
Find an expression for involving a definite integral, and hence find .
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For , a curve satisfies
and passes through .
Use the substitution to solve the differential equation, and hence find .
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A quantity satisfies the differential equation
where , and .
Determine in terms of , and find the limiting value of as .
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A curve satisfies the differential equation
with initial condition .
Euler's method with step length is used to approximate .
Write down the recurrence formulae for and .
Hence find the Euler approximation to .
Solve the differential equation exactly, giving in terms of .
Determine whether the Euler approximation found in part (a) is greater than or less than the exact value of . Justify your answer.
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A function satisfies
Solve the differential equation, giving explicitly in terms of .
Find the least positive value of for which .
Find the first positive vertical asymptote of the solution curve.
State the largest interval containing on which this solution is continuous.
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For , the function satisfies , with .
Write the differential equation in the form and find an integrating factor.
Hence solve the differential equation.
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A quantity is modelled by , where . Initially when .
Show that the general solution may be written as .
Find explicitly in terms of .
Determine the value of when .
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A curve satisfies
Solve the differential equation, giving explicitly in terms of .
Use Euler's method with step length to approximate .
Find the exact value of .
Determine the value of for which .
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A population is modelled by the logistic differential equation
where is measured in days. Initially , and after days .
Determine the value of and hence find the time at which .
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The differential equation
has initial condition .
Use Euler's method with step length to approximate . Then solve the differential equation exactly and calculate the percentage error in the Euler approximation.
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A population , where , is modelled by
Separate variables and integrate to obtain an implicit relation between and .
Hence find explicitly in terms of .
The rate of growth is greatest when . Find .
Find the exact time at which the rate of growth is greatest.
Determine and interpret this value in the context of the model.
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For , a function satisfies
Find an integrating factor for the differential equation.
Hence solve the differential equation.
Consider the solution curve on the interval .
Show that is a stationary point of the curve.
Determine whether this stationary point is a local maximum or a local minimum. Justify your answer.
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A function satisfies
Let .
Show that satisfies the linear differential equation .
Solve the differential equation for in terms of .
Find the exact value of .
State the vertical asymptote of the solution and justify your answer.
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The function satisfies
Use Euler's method with step length to approximate .
Solve the differential equation exactly.
Find the exact value of .
Without using a calculator, determine whether the Euler approximation is greater than or less than the exact value.
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A quantity satisfies
and when .
Find an implicit relation between and .
Hence find explicitly in terms of .
Find the exact time at which .
State the two equilibrium values and determine which one is approached by as .
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For , a curve satisfies
Use the substitution .
Find a separable differential equation in and .
Hence find in terms of .
State the largest interval containing on which this solution is defined.
Find the gradient of the curve at .
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A function satisfies
Use Euler's method with step length to approximate .
Solve the differential equation exactly.
Find the exact value of .
Determine whether the Euler approximation is greater than or less than the exact value. Justify your answer without using a calculator.
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A colony of bacteria is modelled by the logistic differential equation
where is measured in thousands and is measured in hours. Initially when .

Use Euler's method with step length to find an approximation for .
Solve the differential equation to show that
Hence find the exact-model value of .
Using your solution in part (b), determine the time at which the population first reaches thousand.
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The temperature , in degrees Celsius, of an industrial component after minutes is modelled by
Part (a)
Write down the Euler recurrence formulae for step length .
Use these formulae to approximate .
Solve the differential equation exactly.
Part (c)
Use your exact solution to calculate .
Determine the time at which .
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A population is modelled by
where is measured in days. Initially , and after days .
Solve the differential equation and determine the value of .
Write explicitly as a function of .
Determine the time at which .
Using the unrounded value of found in part (a), use Euler's method with step length to approximate , and comment on the approximation.
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For , the function satisfies
Write the differential equation in standard linear form and find an integrating factor.
Hence solve the differential equation.
Find .
Determine the values of for which .
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The amount , in milligrams, of a medicine in the bloodstream after hours is modelled by

Solve the differential equation.
Determine the time at which is a maximum.
Find the maximum amount of medicine in the bloodstream.
Use Euler's method with step length to approximate , and compare this with the exact value.
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For , a function satisfies

Find the exact solution for in terms of .
Use Euler's method with step length to approximate .
Find the exact value of and calculate the percentage error in the Euler approximation.
Determine the -coordinate of the maximum point of the exact solution for .
Find the maximum value of on this interval.
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A model for the height metres of a fast-growing plant after weeks satisfies
The diagram shows four representative slope segments for this differential equation on the interval .

Write down the recurrence formulae for Euler's method with step length .
Use the recurrence formulae to find the Euler approximation to .
Solve the differential equation exactly, giving in terms of .
Continue Euler's method to and find the percentage error in the approximation. If you did not obtain an exact solution in part (b), use .
Justify, using calculus, why Euler's method with this step length gives an underestimate on .
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The number of cells, in thousands, in a culture is modelled by the logistic differential equation
where is measured in days. Initially , and after days .

Show that the general solution can be written in the form
Determine the exact value of .
Find explicitly as a function of .
Determine the time when .
Find the maximum growth rate predicted by the model, and state when it occurs.
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A tank initially contains litres of solution with kg of dissolved salt. Brine enters at litres per minute with salt concentration kg per litre. The well-mixed solution leaves at litres per minute.
Let be the mass of salt, in kg, in the tank after minutes.

Explain why satisfies
Write the differential equation in linear form and find an integrating factor.
Solve for in terms of .
Find the time when the concentration in the tank first reaches kg per litre.
Interpret the limiting concentration predicted by the model.
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A metal probe has temperature degrees Celsius at time minutes. The surrounding air temperature is rising linearly and is given by
The probe is modelled by Newton's law of cooling,

Write the differential equation in the form .
Find the integrating factor and hence solve for in terms of .
Find the time when the probe and the surrounding air have the same temperature.
Show that, after the time found in part (b), the probe remains cooler than the surrounding air.
Find the limiting value of as and interpret it in context.
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For , a curve satisfies
The curve lies above the -axis.

Use the substitution to form a separable differential equation.
Hence show that , where is a constant.
Find explicitly in terms of .
Find the value of at which the gradient of the curve is .
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A family of solution curves is defined by
where .
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Separate the variables and integrate to obtain an implicit solution.
Hence write explicitly in terms of and .
For , find the positive value of when .
Justify why no solution with crosses the line .
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The differential equation
is solved exactly and also approximated using Euler's method.
Step length | Steps to | Step indices | Abscissas | Euler update |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | ||||
4 |
Use Euler's method with to approximate .
Use Euler's method with to approximate .
Solve the differential equation exactly and find the exact value of .
Let and denote the absolute errors in the Euler approximations with step lengths and , respectively. Find the ratio . Comment on what this suggests about halving the step length.
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A falling object has velocity metres per second after seconds. A simplified air resistance model is

Show that the terminal velocity predicted by the model is m s.
Solve the differential equation exactly.
Use the exact solution to find the time when .
Use Euler's method with to approximate .
Determine whether this Euler approximation is an overestimate or an underestimate. Justify your answer.
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A pollutant enters a lake after a spill. The amount of pollutant in the lake, kg, after days is modelled by
The term models the decreasing rate at which pollutant enters the lake.

Find an integrating factor for the differential equation.
Solve for in terms of .
Find the maximum amount of pollutant in the lake.
Find the limiting amount of pollutant as .
Explain why the amount eventually decreases even though pollutant is still entering the lake.
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For , a curve satisfies
Use the substitution where appropriate.
Show that the differential equation may be written as a separable differential equation in and .
Hence find an implicit equation for the curve in terms of and .
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at .
Using the implicit relation, determine the limiting value of as the solution approaches the line .
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A tank contains grams of salt after minutes. Initially . For the amount of salt satisfies
After , fresh water is added so that, for ,
Find in terms of for .
Find the amount of salt in the tank when .
Find in terms of for .
Find the elapsed time after until the amount of salt has returned to grams.
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A curve satisfies
Let .
Show that satisfies the linear differential equation .
Hence solve the original differential equation, giving in terms of .
Find the stationary point of the curve.
Determine whether this stationary point is a local maximum or local minimum.
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For and , a curve satisfies
and passes through the point .
Use the substitution to show that
Hence show that the solution may be written in the form
where .
Determine the value of when .
Determine the value of when .
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For , a curve satisfies
Use the substitution to obtain a separable differential equation in and .
Hence show that
Use Euler's method with step length to approximate .
Find the exact value of and determine the largest possible value of for this solution.
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A tank contains a salt solution. Let be the mass of salt, in kg, in the tank after minutes. A model for is
Solve the differential equation.
Find .
Determine the first time after at which .
State the mean value and amplitude of the long-term oscillation of .
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The velocity , in metres per second, of an object moving vertically through a fluid is modelled by
where is measured in seconds.
Find the terminal velocity predicted by the model.
Use Euler's method with step length to approximate .
Solve the differential equation, giving in terms of .
Find the time at which the object first reaches of its terminal velocity.
The displacement from the starting point is denoted by . Given that and , find the displacement when the object first reaches of its terminal velocity.
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A curve which enters the first quadrant through satisfies
The gradient at a point depends only on the ratio .

Use the substitution to obtain a separable differential equation in and .
Show that
Hence solve the differential equation, giving an implicit equation in and .
Find the point on the curve where . If you did not obtain an implicit equation, use .
Deduce the limiting value of as increases along this branch of the curve.
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For a positive constant , the function satisfies
The behaviour changes when .

For , solve the differential equation in terms of and .
Solve the differential equation for the special case .
Show that the expression found in part (a)(i) tends to the result in part (a)(ii) as .
For , find the maximum value of .
Explain why for all when .
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For a real constant , consider the family of solutions of
where .

Find an integrating factor for the differential equation.
Show that the solution is
Determine the value of for which the solution has a stationary point at .
For , show that the stationary point at is a local minimum.
Find the coordinates of this local minimum.
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For , a curve satisfies
Use the substitution to show that
Hence show that the solution satisfies
Determine the value of when .
Deduce the limiting upper bound (supremum) of for this solution curve as it approaches the singular line .
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