Overland trade, travellers, Mongol integration, religious and artistic exchange, 15th-century decline

Constitutional reform, mass nationalism, Muslim separatism, partition, Nehru’s India

Taisho democracy, Militarism, Expansion, Pacific War, US occupation, Economic miracle, Globalization

Chinese nationalism, Guomindang rule, rise of communism, Sino-Japanese War, colonial Korea, Taiwan under the ROC

Japanese conquest, occupation, nationalism, collaboration, resistance, decolonization

Maoist consolidation, socialist transformation, Cultural Revolution, foreign relations, post-Mao power struggle, Deng’s reforms

Decolonization, Guerrilla warfare, Superpower intervention, Revolution, Political legacies

Nation-building, India–Pakistan rivalry, economic change, ethnic conflict, democracy and military rule

National identity, multiculturalism, government policy, indigenous peoples, international alignment, economic realignment, Pacific decolonization

Globalization, Migration, Social change, Religion, Culture, Media, Terrorism

Gempei War, Kamakura Shogunate, samurai government, warrior society, Mongol invasions

Maritime expansion, Zheng He, European commerce, colonial settlements, isolationism, regional exchange

Conquest, imperial consolidation, religious policy, opposition, achievement, decline

Colonial systems, economic and cultural change, resistance, nationalism, Siamese independence

Company expansion, British Raj, resistance and revolt, nationalism, Great Game, annexation of Burma

Qing imperial rule, rebellions, western intrusion, Opium Wars, Tokugawa crisis, Meiji Restoration

Indigenous societies, settlement and land, frontier conflict, gold rushes, federation, dominion status, First World War, Pacific administration

Qing reform and revolution, Meiji modernization, Japanese imperialism, Korean annexation