Question 1
The graph illustrates differences in economic development between countries.
Identify the two countries with GDP per person above 18 000 constant 2021 international dollars in 2023.
[2]
Explain two ways in which economic development can encourage population concentration in a country's core region.
[4]
Suggest two government measures that could attract people to live in sparsely populated peripheral regions.
[4]
Question 2
The graph illustrates changing levels of economic development.
Describe the change in GDP per person for Viet Nam between 1990 and 2023.
[2]
Suggest two reasons why GDP per person may increase in an emerging economy.
[4]
Explain two physical factors that can account for low population densities in some parts of the world.
[4]
Question 3
Refer to the infographic in the accompanying resource booklet, which illustrates regional differences in economic development.
I.
Identify the year in which the total income distribution has the clearest separation into two peaks.
[1]
II.
Estimate the daily income per capita at the higher-income peak of the total distribution in 1975.
[1]
Suggest one reason why the reconstructed income estimates for 1800 may be inaccurate.
[2]
To what extent does the evidence in the infographic support the view that regional differences in income had largely disappeared by 2015?
[6]
Question 4
Refer to the infographic in the accompanying resource booklet, which illustrates long-term changes in global economic well-being.
I.
Estimate the daily income per capita at the main peak of the total distribution in 1800.
[1]
II.
Estimate the daily income per capita at the main peak of the total distribution in 2015.
[1]
Suggest one way in which the presentation of the distributions could be improved to make comparisons between the three dates more reliable.
[2]
To what extent does the evidence in the infographic support the view that economic development since 1800 has raised everyone's income above extreme poverty?
[6]
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Question 5
“Human factors are now more important than physical factors in explaining global population distribution.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
[10]
Question 6
“Voluntary internal migration is the main cause of uneven population distribution within countries.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
[10]
Question 7
“Megacity growth inevitably increases core–periphery inequality within a country.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
[10]
Question 8
“Global income classifications conceal more than they reveal about economic development.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
[10]
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Question 9
“Technology has removed the importance of physical constraints on population distribution.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
[10]
Question 10
“A country’s income classification is the best explanation for its pattern of population distribution.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
[10]
Question 11
“Accessibility is the most important influence on both where people live and how strongly places interact.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
[10]
Question 12
“Flows of people and capital reinforce uneven development more than they reduce it.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
[10]
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