Question 1
The graph illustrates differences in the relative size of the potential workforce.
I.
Identify the country with the highest percentage of its population aged 15–64.
[1]
II.
Estimate the percentage of Nigeria’s population aged 15–64.
[1]
Explain two economic benefits that a country could gain from a large working-age population.
[4]
Explain two ways in which governments can encourage older people to remain in paid employment.
[4]
Question 2
The graph illustrates variation in a demographic condition associated with the opportunity for a demographic dividend.
Describe the similarities and differences in working-age population percentages between Ghana, Kenya, Tunisia and South Africa.
[2]
Suggest two reasons why a large working-age share of the population might not result in a demographic dividend.
[4]
Explain two ways in which anti-trafficking policies can reduce people’s vulnerability to exploitation.
[4]
Question 3
Refer to the infographic in the accompanying resource booklet, which illustrates population ageing in the United States.
Describe the projected trend in the total number of residents aged 65 and over between 2015 and 2060.
[2]
Suggest one reason why the projected population figures for 2060 may be inaccurate.
[2]
To what extent does the evidence in the infographic support the view that the United States will have an increasingly ageing population?
[6]
Question 4
Refer to the infographic in the accompanying resource booklet, which illustrates differences in the growth of older population groups in the United States.
I.
Using the vertical axis of the graph, state the approximate projected number of native-born residents aged 65 and over in 2060.
[1]
II.
Identify the population category with the smallest number of residents aged 65 and over throughout the period shown.
[1]
Suggest one improvement to the presentation of the line graph that would make comparisons between the population categories clearer.
[2]
To what extent does the evidence in the infographic support the view that foreign-born residents account for most of the projected increase in the United States population aged 65 and over?
[6]
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Question 5
“Population ageing presents a greater challenge than declining family size.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
[10]
Question 6
“Migration is now the most important cause of regional variations in sex ratios.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
[10]
Question 7
“Pro-natalist policies are the most effective way to manage an ageing population.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
[10]
Question 8
“Investment in education is sufficient to secure a demographic dividend.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? Use relevant evidence, including at least one country case study.
[10]
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Question 9
“A youthful population should always be regarded as an economic resource rather than a burden.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
[10]
Question 10
“Gender equality policies manage population change more successfully than policies that directly target birth rates.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
[10]
Question 11
“The numerical size of a population group is the main determinant of its power.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
[10]
Question 12
“Population ageing changes national power relations more than power relations at other scales.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
[10]
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