Question 1
Refer to the map, which illustrates competing maritime claims in a strategically important ocean area as depicted in a 2011 publication.
I.
Identify the country associated with the extensive thick grey dashed claim enclosing much of the sea.
[1]
II.
Identify the named island group shown within the overlapping claims in the southern part of the sea.
[1]
Explain two reasons why the overlapping maritime claims shown on the map may increase the risk of geopolitical conflict.
[2]
Explain two reasons why managing the overlapping maritime claims shown on the map may be challenging.
[6]
Question 2
Refer to the map, which illustrates the infrastructure supporting a strategically important maritime passage.
I.
Identify the named large lake crossed by the principal canal route.
[1]
II.
Identify one named lock complex on the canal route.
[1]
Outline one economic consequence for an importing country of the temporary closure of a major shipping canal.
[2]
I.
Explain one limitation of using floating booms to contain an ocean oil spill.
[3]
II.
Explain one way in which port inspections can reduce oil pollution from ships.
[3]
Question 3
Refer to the map, which shows the Panama Canal route linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
I.
Identify the ocean linked to the Atlantic Entrance.
[1]
II.
Identify the ocean linked to the Pacific Entrance.
[1]
Outline one way in which control of a major shipping canal can give a state political leverage.
[2]
Explain two likely consequences for international shipping if the canal route were disrupted.
[6]
Question 4
Refer to the map, which illustrates how overlapping maritime claims can complicate the use and management of ocean space.
Identify two countries whose mapped maritime claims overlap around the Spratly Islands.
[2]
Outline one way in which overlapping maritime claims can discourage investment in offshore resource extraction.
[2]
Explain two reasons why the overlapping maritime claims shown on the map can make ocean management difficult.
[6]
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Question 5
Examine why increasing demand for the abiotic resources of oceans creates both opportunities and risks for coastal communities.
[10]
Question 6
Examine the role of technological change in increasing the exploitation of abiotic ocean resources.
[10]
Question 7
To what extent is aquaculture a more viable response to overfishing than catch quotas and marine conservation areas?
[10]
Question 8
Evaluate the relative effectiveness of local action and global agreements in managing ocean pollution, with reference to two types of pollutant.
[10]
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Question 9
To what extent does managing ocean resources in one place transfer problems to other places?
[10]
Question 10
To what extent are resource interests more important than military interests in creating international tensions in a contested ocean area?
[10]
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