The polynomial function is defined by , where is a constant. The graph of has -intercept .
Find .
State the zeros of and their multiplicities.
State whether the graph crosses or touches the -axis at each zero.
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Consider the polynomial .
Show that is a factor of .
Hence find all the zeros of .
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Let .
Show that is a factor of .
Hence factorize over .
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The equation has roots , and . It is given that and that one root is .
Find the value of .
Find and the other two roots.
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A monic quartic polynomial with real coefficients has roots , and .
Find the polynomial in expanded form.
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The equation has roots .
Find .
The roots of another equation are . Find the sum of the roots of this equation.
Find .
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Let . It is given that is a factor of and that the remainder when is divided by is .
Find the values of and .
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The polynomial has remainder when divided by , and remainder when divided by .
Use the remainder theorem to form two equations in and .
Find the value of and the value of .
Find the remainder when is divided by .
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The polynomial has real coefficients. Two of its roots are and .
Write down the other two roots of .
Find the values of , and .
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Let . When is divided by , the remainder is . When is divided by , the remainder is .
Write down three equations in , and .
Find , and .
Find .
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A monic quartic polynomial has real coefficients, constant term , and roots , and .
Write down the fourth root of the polynomial.
Determine the polynomial in expanded form.
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The polynomial leaves the same remainder when divided by each of , and .
Find and .
Find the common remainder.
Hence factorize .
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Consider the polynomial

Use your GDC to find the zeros of .
Hence solve the inequality .
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A quartic polynomial has real coefficients and positive leading coefficient. It has a double root at , is divisible by , and satisfies .
Determine in factorized form.
Write in expanded form.
State the real zeros of and their multiplicities.
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The polynomial has as a factor.
Determine the values of and .
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The roots of are , and .
Find a monic polynomial equation with roots , and .
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Let be the monic cubic polynomial . The sum of the roots of is . It is also given that is a factor of and that the remainder when is divided by is .
Find , and .
Hence find the other two roots of .
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Consider the polynomial
Use your GDC to find all the real zeros of .
Hence factorize over .
Use the product of the roots to verify that the factorization is consistent with the constant term of .
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The graph of , where
intersects a horizontal line .

Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the graph of .
State the range of values of for which has exactly four distinct real roots.
State the values of for which has exactly two distinct real roots.
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The cubic polynomial has a repeated root.
Find the value of .
Hence factorize completely over .
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The polynomial
has real coefficients. Four of its roots are , , and .
Find the fifth root of .
Verify your answer using the product of the roots.
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A monic quartic polynomial has real coefficients and is divisible by . The remainders when is divided by and by are and respectively.
Write in the form . Use the given remainders to form two equations in and .
Hence determine and .
Factorize over .
Find all the roots of .
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A polynomial function of degree has exactly two distinct zeros. The zero at has multiplicity , and the zero at has multiplicity . It is also given that . Define .
Find in factorized form.
State whether the graph of crosses or touches the -axis at each zero.
Find the zeros of and state their multiplicities.
Find .
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A cubic polynomial satisfies
Use the given values to form equations for , , and .
Find .
Find .
Factorize completely over , and hence state the roots of .
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Let . The remainder when is divided by is , and the remainder when is divided by is .
Find the values of and .
Find the remainder when is divided by .
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The equation has roots , and . It is given that .
Find the value of .
Find and the other two roots.
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A monic quartic polynomial has real coefficients. Two of the roots of are and . The sum of all four roots is and the product of all four roots is .
Write down the conjugate non-real root.
Find the remaining real root.
Determine in expanded form.
Let . State the roots of .
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For real , define .
Show that if is a repeated root of , then .
Verify that is a repeated root when .
Factorize completely over .
State the zeros of and their multiplicities, and describe the behaviour of the graph at each zero.
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The equation
has three positive real roots which are in arithmetic progression.
Let the roots be , and . Show that satisfies .
Use your GDC to find the roots of the original equation.
Find the value of .
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The monic cubic polynomial has roots , and , where . It is given that the remainder when is divided by is .
Use the product of the roots to justify that is the middle root in this geometric sequence.
Show that .
Hence find the values of and .
Find the three roots of .
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Let , where . It is given that is a factor of and that the remainder when is divided by is .
Use the factor theorem to obtain two equations involving , and .
Find , and .
Find the remainder when is divided by .
Hence show that is a factor of .
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Let . The roots of are denoted by , and . A new polynomial equation has roots , and .
Show that is a factor of .
Hence factorize completely over .
Write down the three roots of the new equation.
Determine a polynomial equation with integer coefficients having these roots.
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Let
where . It is given that is a factor of and that the remainder when is divided by is .
Use the factor theorem to form three equations in , and .
Solve these equations to find , and .
Hence factorize over .
Find all the roots of .
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The monic cubic polynomial has three roots which are consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence. It is given that the sum of the roots is .
Find .
Let the roots be , and . Find the three roots of .
Find .
second monic cubic equation has roots equal to the squares of the roots of . Determine this equation.
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Let . The roots of are , and . A polynomial equation has roots , and .
Show that is a factor of .
Factorize completely over .
Write down the roots of .
Find a polynomial equation with integer coefficients for .
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A monic quartic polynomial has real coefficients. Two of its roots are and . The other two roots are equal. The coefficient of in is .
Let the repeated root be . Show that .
Write in factorized form over .
Find in expanded form.
Find the remainder when is divided by .
State the product of all four roots of and verify that it is consistent with the expanded polynomial.
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Consider the polynomial , where , and are real constants. It is given that is a factor of and that the remainder when is divided by is .
Use the factor theorem and the remainder theorem to form three equations in , and .
Hence determine , and .
Hence write as the product of and a cubic polynomial.
Use your GDC to find all real zeros of , giving your answers to three significant figures.
State the number of non-real roots of .
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The polynomial has roots , , and . A new polynomial has roots , for .
Use your GDC or otherwise to find the roots of .
Write down the four roots of .
Find the sum and product of the roots of .
Determine the monic polynomial in expanded form.
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A cubic polynomial has leading coefficient . When divided by and by , the remainder is in each case. When divided by , the remainder is .
Write the polynomial in the form and find .
Hence write in expanded form.
Use your graphing calculator to solve .
Find the sum of the roots of and verify it using the coefficient of .
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A symmetric bridge arch is modelled by the polynomial , where is the height in metres and is the horizontal distance in metres from the centre of the arch. The arch is metres high at its centre. At , the arch meets the ground and has gradient .

Write down the value of .
Use the information at to find and .
Find the width of the arch at a height of metres.
State the mathematical reason why the two values of found in part (b)(i) are opposite in sign.
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Let . The graph of is intersected by the horizontal line . The graph includes an illustrative horizontal line at (that is, ); it is not intended to represent a general value of .

Find the coordinates of the stationary points of .
Classify the stationary point at .
Determine the range of values of for which has four distinct real roots.
Determine the values of for which has exactly two distinct real roots.
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A monic polynomial of degree has real coefficients. It has a double root at , a root at , and a non-real root .
Write down the remaining non-real root.
Write in factorized form over .
Expand .
Use Vieta's formulae to verify the sum and product of the five roots.
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The diagram shows the family of quartic polynomial functions
The value of changes the number and nature of the real zeros of the graph.

Show that the equation may be written as a quadratic equation in , where .
Find the roots of this quadratic equation in terms of .
Determine the values of for which has four distinct real roots.
Find all repeated real roots of and the corresponding values of .
State the multiplicity of each real root when .
For , let the four real roots be , , and , where . Show that , and hence find in terms of .
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A monic cubic polynomial is to be constructed from information about remainders. It is given that
The graph of is shown together with the horizontal line .

The remainder when is divided by is . Write down the corresponding equation in , and .
The remainder when is divided by is . Write down the corresponding equation in , and .
It is also given that . Find , and .
Let . Show that
Use your GDC to find the real root of .
Explain what this root represents on the graph of .
second monic cubic satisfies , where . Given that and , determine all possible pairs .
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A polynomial equation has roots . A new equation is formed by translating each root units to the right. This question investigates how the coefficients change under this transformation.

The monic cubic has roots , and . Write down and .
Find the monic cubic whose roots are , and .
monic polynomial of degree has roots and coefficient of equal to . Find the coefficient of in the monic polynomial whose roots are .
Let . Given that the roots of are translated units to the right to form , find the coefficient of in .
If the product of the roots of is , show that one root of is .
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A polynomial is divided by a quadratic divisor. The quotient and remainder are represented in the diagram by the identity
where the degree of is less than .

Explain why may be written in the form .
It is given that and . Find .
Let
It is also given that and are factors of , and that the remainder on division by is the function found in part (a). Determine , , and .
Hence factorize over .
State the zeros of .
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The points , and lie on a straight line. It is known that , and .

Find the linear polynomial passing through the three points , and .
Explain why has factors , and .
Assume is a monic cubic. Determine .
Use your GDC to find the real zero of .
Explain why the other two roots are non-real.
Find the remainder when is divided by .
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Consider the reciprocal polynomial equation
Show that is not a root, and divide the equation by .
Let . Show that satisfies .
Solve the quadratic equation for .
Hence solve the original quartic equation.
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Let , where . The roots of are .
Show that the roots of are .
Given that the sum of the roots of is , find .
Show that the product of the roots of is .
Given that this product is , find .
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Let . When is divided by , the remainder is . When is divided by , the remainder is .
Use the first division statement to obtain two equations in , , and .
Use the second division statement to obtain two further equations.
Hence determine , , and .
Write explicitly.
Use your GDC to find the real zeros of , giving your answers to three significant figures.
State the number of non-real roots of .
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The equation has three positive real roots which form a geometric progression. Let the roots be , and , where and .
Show that .
Hence show that .
Find the three roots of the cubic equation.
Determine the value of .
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For real , consider the cubic polynomial .

Find the coordinates of the stationary points of in terms of .
State which stationary point is a local maximum.
Determine the range of values of for which has three distinct real roots.
For , use your GDC to find the three roots of .
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Let . The roots of are . For , define ; let be the polynomial extension of this expression to .
Part (a)
Find in expanded form.
Prove that the roots of are .
Part (b)
Find .
Find .
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A reciprocal quartic is a quartic polynomial whose coefficients read the same forwards and backwards. Consider
where . The graph shown is for one choice of and .

For , show that is equivalent to
Let . Show that becomes
For and , find all roots of exactly.
Explain why a real value of can produce real values of only when or .
Hence state the number of real roots of when the two roots of are and .
Suppose has roots , , and , where . Use the product of the roots to justify why the constant term of is .
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A sensor response is modelled by a cubic polynomial on the interval . The graph appears to touch the -axis at and cross it at . A data table gives the additional value .

Explain why can be written in the form .
Use to find .
Find in expanded form.
horizontal threshold line is used. Use your GDC to find the local maximum value of on .
State the number of solutions of in when .
The model is modified to . Determine the range of for which has exactly two distinct real roots.
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A monic quintic polynomial has real coefficients. Two of its roots are and . The remaining real root is denoted by .
Write down two other non-real roots of .
Find the product of the four non-real roots.
The constant term of is . Find .
Find in factorized form over .
Find the coefficient of in .
Another monic quintic with the same four non-real roots has coefficient of equal to . Determine its constant term.
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The roots of a monic cubic polynomial are positive and in geometric progression. Let the roots be , and , where and , so that they are in increasing order as shown.

Show that the product of the three roots is .
The polynomial is . Find .
Express and in terms of .
Hence show that for any such cubic.
Consider . Verify that its positive roots are in geometric progression.
Find the common ratio of the progression.
Use your GDC to determine whether has three positive roots in geometric progression. Justify your answer.
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A sequence of values is generated by a polynomial function , where is a positive integer. The table shows values of and successive differences.
First diff | Second diff | Third diff | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0 | 6 | 12 | 6 |
2 | 6 | 18 | 18 | 6 |
3 | 24 | 36 | 24 | |
4 | 60 | 60 | ||
5 | 120 |
The values , , and are given. Explain why these values are consistent with a cubic polynomial whose constant third difference is .
Write down the leading coefficient of this cubic polynomial.
Let . Use the given values to determine .
Factorize completely over .
Hence state all integer roots of .
quartic polynomial has the same first four values as , but also . Explain why must have factors , , and , and find a possible expression for .
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A non-zero root transformation is defined as follows. If has non-zero roots , then a new polynomial is formed whose roots are .

Show that a polynomial with roots is proportional to .
Write in terms of the coefficients of .
Let . Find a cubic polynomial with integer coefficients whose roots are the reciprocals of the roots of .
If the roots of are , and , find without solving the cubic.
Find the product of the reciprocal roots.
monic polynomial has non-zero roots and is unchanged by replacing every root by its reciprocal. Deduce a condition on its constant term.
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A monic quartic polynomial is required to touch the -axis at two distinct points. Let these points be and , where . The graph shown is illustrative only and corresponds to the possible branch , ; it does not imply that this is the only possible pair.

Explain why must have the form .
Expand in terms of and .
particular polynomial of this type has coefficient of equal to and constant term . Find all possible values of and .
For each polynomial obtained in part (b), find in expanded form.
For either polynomial obtained in part (b), use your GDC to find the -coordinate of the local maximum between the two touching points.
Prove that, for any distinct real and , the local maximum between the two touching points occurs at .
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