The student has clearly stated the title of the essay at the beginning, which sets the stage for the discussion on flawed observation in both the natural sciences and the arts. However, the focus on the title is not consistently maintained, particularly in the exploration of Shakespeare's "Hamlet," where a more direct connection to the main argument about knowledge production is needed. The student effectively links the discussion to different Areas of Knowledge and provides real-life examples, although some examples could be more convincingly tied to the argument. The engagement with implications, counterpoints, and different perspectives is strong, and the essay is predominantly critical and argumentative, well-organized, and properly cites external sources.