The student uses correct mathematical notation, symbols, and terminology consistently throughout the IA, effectively presenting concepts such as Newton's Law of Cooling. Key terms and variables are defined and explained when first introduced, with a clear description of the cooling process and data collection methods. The introduction outlines the main concepts, and the student employs multiple forms of mathematical representation, including equations, tables, and graphs, which are well-organised and support the analysis. While the student explains all mathematical calculations and maintains precision until the final results, there are areas for improvement, such as defining additional terms like "General Equation" and stating the degree of accuracy for rounded values. Overall, the student demonstrates logical reasoning through a deductive method in developing the cooling model.