The student demonstrates consistent and correct use of mathematical notation and terminology throughout the work, utilizing appropriate software for equations. Key terms and variables are effectively defined and explained upon introduction, ensuring clarity for the reader. The introduction effectively describes the main concepts, such as the population pyramid term, and additional terms are appropriately defined in detail as the exploration progresses. Multiple forms of mathematical representation are used judiciously, including equations, graphs, histograms, and tables. All mathematical calculations are explained, and data presentations are described. However, the degree of accuracy for rounded values is not stated, and the labeling of graphs, tables, and diagrams at the bottom needs improvement. The student should ensure that all rounded values include a clear statement of the degree of accuracy and label tables at the bottom to enhance the presentation of the work.